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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

Insecure Region Around Receiver for Downlink Transmissions With Randomly Located Active Eavesdropper

Tao Li, Chaozheng Xue, Yongzhao Li, Octavia A. Dobre

Published May 25, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This letter studies a challenging physical layer security problem for downlink transmissions when facing a randomly located active eavesdropper. Artificial noise (AN) is transmitted in conjunction with a confidential signal to defend against the eavesdropper. However, the active eavesdropper with changeable location can perform both eavesdropping and malicious jamming simultaneously, which yields the secrecy outage probability as an unsuitable performance metric. In this case, a more appropriate metric, the hybrid outage probability which takes both the transmission outage probability and secrecy outage probability into consideration, is derived to evaluate the security performance. Based on the hybrid outage probability, we can optimize the power allocation to the confidential and AN signals. Furthermore, an insecure region is defined to restrict the location of the eavesdropper. Additionally, the insecure range is defined as a valuable indicator of a circular insecure region. Simulation results are provided to depict the region around receiver is insecure.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2020.2997176

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This letter studies a challenging physical layer security problem for downlink transmissions when facing a randomly located active eavesdropper. Artificial noise (AN) is transmitted in conjunction with a confidential signal to defend against the eavesdropper. However, the active eavesdropper with changeable location can perform both eavesdropping and malicious jamming simultaneously, which yields the secrecy outage probability as an unsuitable performance metric. In this case, a more appropriate metric, the hybrid outage probability which takes both the transmission outage probability and secrecy outage probability into consideration, is derived to evaluate the security performance. Based on the hybrid outage probability, we can optimize the power allocation to the confidential and AN signals. Furthermore, an insecure region is defined to restrict the location of the eavesdropper. Additionally, the insecure range is defined as a valuable indicator of a circular insecure region. Simulation results are provided to depict the region around receiver is insecure.
We propose a secure transmission scheme for a wiretap channel, where a source transmits to a legitimate destination in the presence of a full- duplex eavesdropper. We assume that the full- duplex eavesdropper performs both eavesdropping and malicious jamming simultaneously. In order to combat the full-duplex active eavesdropper, the source transmits artificial noise (AN) signals, apart from information signals, to confuse the eavesdropper. We adopt the hybrid outage probability as the performance metric, which takes both the transmission outage probability and the secrecy outage probability into consideration. We derive a compact expression for the hybrid outage probability. Utilizing the derived expression, we determine the optimal power allocation factor between information signals and AN signals that minimizes the hybrid outage probability. We also examine the asymptotic hybrid outage probability in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime. Furthermore, we compare the secrecy performance achieved by a full-duplex active eavesdropper with that achieved by a passive eavesdropper, showing that active eavesdropping can be more harmful to the legitimate system.
In this paper, we suggest a physical layer security transmission scheme which can be employed when an eavesdropper is located near a receiver and channels are correlated. When the receiver-eavesdropper distance is short, it is difficult to obtain a security gain because the eavesdropper can have a similar channel compared to the receiver. To mitigate this problem, the receiver may transmit a jamming signal to prevent data acquisition from the eavesdropper. On this occasion to lessen the outgoing interference caused by the jamming signal to external communication networks, we assume that the sum of the transmission power of the transmitter and the jamming power of the receiver is kept constant. Under this restricted power consumption condition, we evaluate the security performance of our proposed transmission scheme using two metrics, such as threshold outage probability and secrecy capacity. By simulation, we find the optimal power consumption ratio between transmission power and jamming power which maximizes the threshold outage probability. We also analyze the secrecy capacity by simulation and numerical results.
This paper analyzes security region with artificial noise (AN) based on secrecy outage probability under the assumption that the eavesdropper's channel state information and location are unknown to the transceiver. By utilizing beamforming, the legitimate receiver transmits the AN in the direction of the legitimate transmitter to impair the eavesdropper more effectively. Based on it, a closed-form secrecy outage probability expression is derived to define the security region. Furthermore, a concept called safe transmission interval is proposed to measure the secrecy performance. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical expression and show the impacts of transmit antenna number, target rate and power allocation on the security region.
In this paper, we examine the security issue of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided communication systems. We consider the scenario where a source communicates with a legitimate UAV in the presence of a full-duplex eavesdropper. We assume that the full-duplex eavesdropper performs both eavesdropping and malicious jamming simultaneously. In order to safeguard data transmissions against such an eavesdropper, the source transmits artificial noise (AN) signals together with information signals. We adopt the hybrid outage probability as the performance metric, which combines the transmission outage probability and the secrecy outage probability. We derive a compact expression for the hybrid outage probability. Using the derived expression, we determine the optimal power allocation factor between information signals and AN signals that minimizes the hybrid outage probability. In addition, we examine the impact of the operating height of UAV on the secrecy performance, showing that the optimal secrecy performance can be achieved by judiciously controlling the height of UAV.
In physical layer security, the geographical secure region as a practical security metric has received considerable interest. This paper derives the distribution functions of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios at Bob and Eve with Rician fading channels, which is used to calculate the secrecy outage probability for different Eve’s locations. Then, the secure region can be determined in geographical two-dimensional plane by comparing the secrecy outage probability with a threshold. Based on this, two optimization problems of the beamforming vector at Bob used for transmitting the artificial noise are constructed to expand the secure region, with and without the knowledge of Eve’s location, respectively. Simulation results are provided to depict the secure region with different antenna numbers, and illustrate that the secure region can be effectively expanded by using the optimized beamforming vector at Bob.
In this paper, we investigate the artificial noise-aided jamming design for a transmitter equipped with large antenna array in Rician fading channels. We figure out that when the number of transmit antennas tends to infinity, whether the secrecy outage happens in a Rician channel depends on the geometric locations of eavesdroppers. In this light, we first define and analytically describe the secrecy outage region (SOR), indicating all possible locations of an eavesdropper that can cause secrecy outage. After that, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) is derived, and a jamming-beneficial range, i.e., the distance range of eavesdroppers which enables uniform jamming to reduce the SOP, is determined. Then, the optimal power allocation between messages and artificial noise is investigated for different scenarios. Furthermore, to use the jamming power more efficiently and further reduce the SOP, we propose directional jamming that generates jamming signals at selected beams (mapped to physical angles) only, and power allocation algorithms are proposed for the cases with and without the information of the suspicious area, i.e., possible locations of eavesdroppers. We further extend the discussions to multiuser and multi-cell scenarios. At last, numerical results validate our conclusions and show the effectiveness of our proposed jamming power allocation schemes.