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Low Temperature Physics

Current-controlled multiterminal SQUID under transient conditions

E. D. Vol, A. N. Omel’yanchuk

Published Jul 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transient behavior of a multiterminal SQUID, i.e., a superconducting microstructure of special configuration is studied. The magnetic field dependence of the voltage in the current channel and the time dependence of the total magnetic flux produced by the SQUID are calculated. It is shown that, in a certain region of parameters, the multiterminal SQUID operates as a generator of quasi-rectangular magnetic flux pulses with tunable frequency.

DOI
10.1063/10.0034052

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The transient behavior of a multiterminal SQUID, i.e., a superconducting microstructure of special configuration is studied. The magnetic field dependence of the voltage in the current channel and the time dependence of the total magnetic flux produced by the SQUID are calculated. It is shown that, in a certain region of parameters, the multiterminal SQUID operates as a generator of quasi-rectangular magnetic flux pulses with tunable frequency.
We study theoretically superconducting microstructures of a special configuration, viz., Josephson multi-terminals (JMT), which are systems of interconnected microbridges. The nonlinear interaction of individual bridge junctions in JMT is due to fact that they have a common center and, hence, that the superconducting order parameter in each weak link is a function of the currents through all other microbridges. JMT is a nonlinear parametric element controlled by the current and the magnetic field. Dynamic equations have been derived, which govern the behavior of JMT versus the control parameters, viz., transport control currents or fluxes of an external magnetic field. We consider various JMT working regimes: synchronization of Josephson oscillations, degeneration of metastable states, and broken symmetry of the ground state in magnetic field.
The standard operation of a dc SQUID leads to oscillatory electric fields that emit electromagnetic radiation and can change the state of the measured sample. A stationary SQUID could be advantageous when back action on the measured sample has to be avoided. We study a superconducting loop that encloses a magnetic flux, connected to a superconducting and to a normal electrode, when a fixed electric current between the electrodes flows through the loop. The considered circuit does not contain Josephson junctions. We find that in a very broad range of parameters the current flow converges to a stationary regime. The potential difference between the electrodes depends on the magnetic flux, so that measuring this voltage would provide information on the enclosed flux. The influence of thermal noise was estimated. The sizes of the voltage and of the power dissipation could be appropriate for the design of a practical fluxmeter. We found narrow ranges of flux at which the voltage varies sharply with the flux.
The standard operation of a dc SQUID leads to oscillatory electric fields that emit electromagnetic radiation. We estimate the effect that this radiation could have on the measured sample. A stationary SQUID could be advantageous if the oscillation contribution to back action on the measured sample has to be avoided. We study a superconducting loop that encloses a magnetic flux, connected to a superconducting and to a normal electrode, when a fixed electric current between the electrodes flows across the loop. The considered circuit does not contain Josephson junctions. We find that in a very broad range of parameters the current flow converges to a stationary regime, i.e. the densities of normal current and of supercurrent become functions of position only, independent of time. The potential difference between the electrodes depends on the magnetic flux, so that measuring this voltage would provide information on the enclosed flux. The influence of thermal noise was estimated. The sizes of the voltage and of the power dissipation could be appropriate for the design of a practical fluxmeter. We found narrow ranges of flux at which the voltage varies sharply with the flux.
The operation of a constant-current quantum interferometer with two Josephson junctions is studied in a system for measuring small changes in a magnetic field with low-frequency modulation of the magnetic flux. Idealized theoretical signal characteristics are found together with their dependence on the operating mode and parameters of a SQUID. These characteristics are used in Pt. II (ref. 12) to determine the minimal detectable change in the magnetic flux, which characterizes the maximal sensitivity of a SQUID.
Abstract Designing superconducting electronic devices involves a careful study of all the elements in the circuit, including the superconducting bias leads. In this work, we introduce a theoretical model for two-dimensional (2D) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) arrays capable of simulating the voltage-to-magnetic flux response of devices with different bias current configurations. First, we compare uniformly biased and centre biased SQUID arrays by investigating the voltage versus magnetic flux response, maximum transfer function and voltage modulation depth. Then, we calculate the time-averaged fluxoid distributions for one-dimensional (1D) and 2D centre biased arrays. Finally, we study the performance of the two bias current configurations depending on array size, screening parameter, thermal noise strength and kinetic self-inductance fraction. Our calculations reveal: (i) centre biased 1D parallel SQUID arrays present an unusual voltage response caused by the asymmetric fluxoid distribution; (ii) the optimal transfer function of centre biased arrays strongly depends on the number of junctions in parallel; (iii) the performance of centre biased arrays approaches the uniform biased ones when the number of junctions in series exceeds those in parallel; (iv) while the screening parameter and the thermal noise strength clearly affect the device performance, the kinetic to self-inductance fraction seems to play only a secondary role.
Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are used across physics and engineering, from amplification to detecting tiny magnetic fields to quantum computing. In many applications the SQUID's steady-state response is of interest, but here the authors measure and model the $t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t$ response to short bursts of radiation. The resulting ringdown oscillations in voltage decay over time, with a rich structure that may be particularly useful in discriminating weak magnetic fluxes---in qubits, for example.