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Physica Scripta

Dynamics of nonclassicality in photon-loss channel

Shuangshuang Fu, Cheng Huan, Shunlong Luo

Published May 21, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract When radiation fields propagate through mediums and interact with environments, the quantum characteristics of the field states usually undergo deterioration, in particular, the nonclassicality (quantumness) often decays due to photon loss. To address this issue in a quantitative way, we invoke a nonclassicality quantifier based on the Wigner-Yanase skew information and explore the dynamics of nonclassicality in the photon-loss channel for several typical initial states. We illustrate pictorially the decoherence and quantum to classical transition in the photon-loss channel from an informational perspective. It is remarkable that for certain initial states with small average photon numbers, the nonclassicality, as quantified in terms of the Wigner-Yanase skew information, may exhibit nonmonotonic behavior (revival), as compared with the general case of monotonic decaying of nonclassicality.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab9580

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Abstract When radiation fields propagate through mediums and interact with environments, the quantum characteristics of the field states usually undergo deterioration, in particular, the nonclassicality (quantumness) often decays due to photon loss. To address this issue in a quantitative way, we invoke a nonclassicality quantifier based on the Wigner-Yanase skew information and explore the dynamics of nonclassicality in the photon-loss channel for several typical initial states. We illustrate pictorially the decoherence and quantum to classical transition in the photon-loss channel from an informational perspective. It is remarkable that for certain initial states with small average photon numbers, the nonclassicality, as quantified in terms of the Wigner-Yanase skew information, may exhibit nonmonotonic behavior (revival), as compared with the general case of monotonic decaying of nonclassicality.
Identifying the classical-quantum divide and quantifying nonclassicality (quantumness) are fundamental issues in quantum exploration. By use of the Wigner-Yanase skew information [E. P. Wigner and M. M. Yanase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 49, 910 (1963)], which is a version of quantum Fisher information with a well-established interpretation as quantum uncertainty, we introduce a simple and effective quantifier for nonclassicality of bosonic field states. This is achieved by simultaneously yet approximately measuring the canonical conjugate quadrature pair (equivalently, measuring the non-Hermitian annihilation operator in a generalized sense) from an information-theoretic perspective. This quantifier, apart from capturing the idea of nonclassicality as quantum uncertainty in a succinct way, is mathematically computable, physically intuitive, and possesses operational significance. We reveal its fundamental properties and illustrate its physical applications in quantifying nonclassicality of light. We compare it with various existent quantifiers for nonclassicality and illustrate its merits. A related quantifier for classicality, which is in some sense dual to nonclassicality, is also introduced. This pair of classicality and nonclassicality provides insight into the classical-quantum interplay.
Nonclassicality of optical states, as a key characteristic of bosonic fields, is a valuable resource for quantum information processing. We investigate the generation of nonclassicality in quantum processes from a quantitative perspective, introduce three information-theoretic measures of nonclassicality for quantum-optical processes based on the Wigner–Yanase skew information and coherent states, and illustrate their physical significance through several well-known single-mode quantum processes.
Nonclassicality of light has been studied, both extensively and intensively, in terms of optical coherent states, and various quantifiers for nonclassicality of light have been introduced in recent decades. In contrast, the corresponding quantification issue for atomic spin systems is relatively less studied, though there has been some remarkable progress. In this paper, by virtue of the Wigner-Yanase skew information and working in the framework of atomic coherent states, we introduce a quantifier for nonclassicality of atomic spin states from an information-theoretic perspective and reveal its fundamental properties. This quantifier leads to a simple yet powerful criterion for detecting nonclassicality via convexity of the skew information. This criterion is sufficient, but not necessary. The concept is illustrated through several paradigms. We further elucidate some intrinsic relations between nonclassicality and entanglement and indicate that the nonclassicality quantifier may be transferred to an entanglement quantifier.
Nonclassical correlations are significant physical resources with extensive applications in quantum information processing. We introduce the modified Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information of a quantum state relative to a quantum channel, and a quantitative measure of quantum correlations. Their basic properties are explored in detail. Through a specific example, we also compare our correlations measure with the existing one. Moreover, the correlations relative to various channels including the von Neumann measurements, the unitary channels and the twirling channels are analyzed.
Non-Gaussian and nonclassical states and processes are already found to be important resources for performing various tasks related to quantum gravity and quantum information processing. The effect of non-Gaussianity inducing operators on the nonclassicality of quantum states has also been studied rigorously. Considering these facts, a quantitative analysis of the nonclassical and non-Gaussian features is performed here for photon added displaced Fock state, as a test case, using a set of measures like entanglement potential, Wigner Yanese skew information, Wigner logarithmic negativity and relative entropy of non-Gaussianity. It is observed that photon addition (Fock parameter) significantly increases the amount of nonclassicalty and non-Gaussianity for small (large) values of the displacement parameter, which decreases both the quantum features monotonically. In this respect, the role of Fock parameter is found to be more prominent and stronger compared to photon addition. Finally, the dynamics of Wigner function under the effect of photon loss channel is used to show that only highly efficient detectors are able to detect Wigner negativity.
In this paper, a quantitative investigation of the non-classical and quantum non-Gaussian characters of the photon-subtracted displaced Fock state [Formula: see text], where k is the number of photons subtracted and n is Fock parameter, is performed by using a collection of measures like Wigner logarithmic negativity, linear entropy potential, skew information-based measure, and relative entropy of quantum non-Gaussianity. It is noticed that the number of photons subtracted ( k) changes the nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity in a significant amount in the regime of small values of the displacement parameter, whereas the Fock parameter ( n) presents a notable change in the large regime of the displacement parameter. In this respect, the role of the Fock parameter is found to be stronger as compared to the photon subtraction number. Finally, the Wigner function dynamics considering the effects of photon loss channel is used to show that the Wigner negativity can only be detected by highly efficient detectors.