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Журнал технической физики

Безошибочное различение когерентных состояний двухмодового оптического поля

М.М. Эскандери, D. B. Horoshko, С.Я. Килин

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The procedure of a quantum measurement, the unambiguous state discrimination, is studied for the case of four two-mode coherent states of the optical field, interesting for information transmission via an optical communication channel. It is shown that a complex conjugation of the amplitude of one of the modes results in a better distinguishability of the states. An interferometric scheme is suggested for unambiguous discrimination of such states and the probability of successful discrimination is found. Applications of the considered state set are discussed for quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation and optical communications with a high level of loss.

DOI
10.21883/os.2020.08.49716.83-20

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The procedure of a quantum measurement, the unambiguous state discrimination, is studied for the case of four two-mode coherent states of the optical field, interesting for information transmission via an optical communication channel. It is shown that a complex conjugation of the amplitude of one of the modes results in a better distinguishability of the states. An interferometric scheme is suggested for unambiguous discrimination of such states and the probability of successful discrimination is found. Applications of the considered state set are discussed for quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation and optical communications with a high level of loss.
The procedure of quantum measurement—unambiguous discrimination—of four two-mode coherent states of the optical field which are of interest for information transmission by the optical communication channel is studied. It is shown that complex conjugation of the amplitude of one of the modes leads to better discriminability between the states. An interferometric scheme for unambiguous discrimination between such states is proposed and the probability of successful discrimination is found. Applications of the considered set of states in quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, and optical communication with a high level of losses are discussed.
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Coherent states of the quantum electromagnetic field, the quantum description of ideal laser light, are prime candidates as information carriers for optical communications. A large body of literature exists on their quantum-limited estimation and discrimination. However, very little is known about the practical realizations of receivers for unambiguous state discrimination (USD) of coherent states. Here we fill this gap and outline a theory of USD with receivers that are allowed to employ: passive multimode linear optics, phase-space displacements, auxiliary vacuum modes, and on-off photon detection. Our results indicate that, in some regimes, these currently-available optical components are typically sufficient to achieve near-optimal unambiguous discrimination of multiple, multimode coherent states.
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Considering quantum detection, there are two different ways to make a measurement on signals set. One is minimum error discrimination and another is unambiguous states discrimination. In this work, we study the unambiguous state discrimination of coherent states. The quantum measurement model investigated is based on binary signals. All necessary positive-operator valued measurements are established to implement the quantum measurements in non-ambiguity way. The conclusive probability and inconclusive probability for the unambiguous discrimination of both on-off keying and binary-phase-shifting keying modulations are derived rigorously to show the measurement performance of proposed detection method theoretically.
Abstract The impossibility of deterministic and error-free discrimination among nonorthogonal quantum states lies at the core of quantum theory and constitutes a primitive for secure quantum communication. Demanding determinism leads to errors, while demanding certainty leads to some inconclusiveness. One of the most fundamental strategies developed for this task is the optimal unambiguous measurement. It encompasses conclusive results, which allow for error-free state retrodictions with the maximum success probability, and inconclusive results, which are discarded for not allowing perfect identifications. Interestingly, in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces the inconclusive results may contain valuable information about the input states. Here, we theoretically describe and experimentally demonstrate the discrimination of nonorthogonal states from both conclusive and inconclusive results in the optimal unambiguous strategy, by concatenating a minimum-error measurement at its inconclusive space. Our implementation comprises four- and nine-dimensional spatially encoded photonic states. By accessing the inconclusive space to retrieve the information that is wasted in the conventional protocol, we achieve significant increases of up to a factor of 2.07 and 3.73, respectively, in the overall probabilities of correct retrodictions. The concept of concatenated optimal measurements demonstrated here can be extended to other strategies and will enable one to explore the full potential of high-dimensional nonorthogonal states for quantum communication with larger alphabets.