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Chinese Physics Letters

Three-Dimensional Compensation for Minimizing Heating of the Ion in Surface-Electrode Trap*

Ji Li, Liang Chen, Yi-He Chen, Zhichao Liu, Hang Zhang, Mang Feng

Published May 1, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The trapped ions confined in a surface-electrode trap (SET) could be free from rf heating if they stay at the rf potential null of the potential well. We report our effort to compensate three-dimensionally for the micromotion of a single 40Ca+ ion near the rf potential null, which largely suppresses the ion’s heating and thus helps to achieve the cooling of the ion down to 3.4 mK, which is very close to the Doppler limit. This is the prerequisite of the sideband cooling in our SET.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/37/5/053701

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The trapped ions confined in a surface-electrode trap (SET) could be free from rf heating if they stay at the rf potential null of the potential well. We report our effort to compensate three-dimensionally for the micromotion of a single 40Ca+ ion near the rf potential null, which largely suppresses the ion’s heating and thus helps to achieve the cooling of the ion down to 3.4 mK, which is very close to the Doppler limit. This is the prerequisite of the sideband cooling in our SET.
We describe the design, fabrication, and operation of a novel surface-electrode Paul trap that produces a radio-frequency-null along the axis perpendicular to the trap surface. This arrangement enables control of the vertical trapping potential and consequentially the ion-electrode distance via dc-electrodes only. We demonstrate the confinement of single 40Ca+ ions at heights between 50 μm and 300 μm above planar copper-coated aluminum electrodes. Laser-cooling and coherent operations are performed on both the planar and vertical motional modes. This architecture provides a platform for precision electric-field noise detection and trapping of vertical ion strings without excess micromotion and may have applications for scalable quantum computers with surface ion traps.
40 Ca + ions are successfully confined, under the cooling of a red-detuned laser, in a home-built microscopic surface-electrode (MSE) trap. With all electrodes deposited on a low-rf-loss substrate, our 500-μm-scale MSE trap is designed involving three potential wells and manufactured by the standard technique of the printed circuit board. Both linear and two-dimensional crystals of 40 Ca + are observed in the trap after preliminary micromotion compensation is carried out. The development of the MSE trap aims at large-scale trapped-ion quantum information processing.
The spatial manipulation of ionic qubits in a fast and precise fashion is one of the foremost issues in scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions. We report our recent efforts toward precise manipulation of trapped ions, including separation, recombination and reordering of the ions, in our home-made microscopic surface-electrode trap. We also demonstrate the micromotion compensation for the trapped ions by rf-photon cross-correlation, which ensures the cooling of the ions down to the temperature 23.3mK.
For experiments with ions confined in a Paul trap, minimization of micromotion is often essential. In order to diagnose and compensate micromotion we have implemented a method that allows for finding the position of the radio-frequency (rf) null reliably and efficiently, in principle, without any variation of direct current (dc) voltages. We apply a trap modulation technique and focus-scanning imaging to extract three-dimensional ion positions for various rf drive powers and analyze the power dependence of the equilibrium position of the trapped ion. In contrast to commonly used methods, the search algorithm directly makes use of a physical effect as opposed to efficient numerical minimization in a high-dimensional parameter space. Using this method we achieve a compensation of the residual electric field that causes excess micromotion in the radial plane of a linear Paul trap down to $0.09\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\text{V}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Additionally, the precise position determination of a single harmonically trapped ion employed here can also be utilized for the detection of small forces. This is demonstrated by determining light pressure forces with a precision of 135 yN. As the method is based on imaging only, it can be applied to several ions simultaneously and is independent of laser direction and thus well suited to be used with, for example, surface-electrode traps.