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The European Physical Journal B

From microcanonical ensemble to canonical ensemble: phase transitions of a spin chain with a long-range interaction

Ji-Xuan Hou

Published May 1, 2020• 18 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjb/e2020-10050-5

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In a pioneer work, John Nagle has shown that an Ising chain with competing short and long-range interactions displays second and first-order phase transitions separated by a tricritical point. More recently, it has been claimed that Nagle's model provides an example of the inequivalence between canonical and microcanonical calculations. We then revisit Nagle's original solution, as well as the usual formulation of the problem in a canonical ensemble, which lead to the same results. Also, in contrast to recent claims, we show that an alternative formulation in the microcanonical ensemble, with the adequate choice of the fixed thermodynamic extensive variables, leads to equivalent thermodynamic results.
A long-range interacting Fermi chain placed in the uniform and the staggered magnetic field is studied via the micro-canonical approach. The relation between the entropy and the energy of the system is obtained by counting the number of microscopic states. We find that this system is non-ergodic and can exhibit first-order phase transition, second-order phase transition, or both. The microcanonical ensemble predicts negative specific heat regions and temperature jumps. Moreover, the global phase diagram of the system is constructed.