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Scientific Reports

Tunneling induced two-dimensional phase grating in a quantum well nanostructure via third and fifth orders of susceptibility

Azar Vafafard, Mostafa Sahrai, Hamid Reza Hamedi, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour

Published Apr 30, 2020• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the nonlinear optical properties in an asymmetric double AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well nanostructure by using an external control field and resonant tunneling effects. It is found that the resonant tunneling can modulate the third-order and fifth-order of susceptibilities via detuning frequency of coupling light. In presence of the resonant tunneling and when the coupling light is in resonance with the corresponding transition, the real parts of third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities are enhanced which are accompanied by nonlinear absorption. However, in off-resonance of coupling light, real parts of third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities enhance while the nonlinear absorption vanishes. We investigate also the two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating (2D-EIG) of the weak probe light by modulating the third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities. In resonance of coupling light, both amplitude and phase grating are formed in the medium due to enhancement of third-order and fifth-order probe absorption and dispersion. When the coupling light is out of resonance, most of probe energy is transferred from zero-order to higher-order directions due to resonant tunneling effect. The efficiency of phase grating for third-order of susceptibility is higher than phase grating for fifth-order susceptibility. Our proposed model may be useful for optical switching and optical sensors based on semiconductor nanostructures.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-64255-2

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We study the nonlinear optical properties in an asymmetric double AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well nanostructure by using an external control field and resonant tunneling effects. It is found that the resonant tunneling can modulate the third-order and fifth-order of susceptibilities via detuning frequency of coupling light. In presence of the resonant tunneling and when the coupling light is in resonance with the corresponding transition, the real parts of third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities are enhanced which are accompanied by nonlinear absorption. However, in off-resonance of coupling light, real parts of third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities enhance while the nonlinear absorption vanishes. We investigate also the two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating (2D-EIG) of the weak probe light by modulating the third-order and fifth-order susceptibilities. In resonance of coupling light, both amplitude and phase grating are formed in the medium due to enhancement of third-order and fifth-order probe absorption and dispersion. When the coupling light is out of resonance, most of probe energy is transferred from zero-order to higher-order directions due to resonant tunneling effect. The efficiency of phase grating for third-order of susceptibility is higher than phase grating for fifth-order susceptibility. Our proposed model may be useful for optical switching and optical sensors based on semiconductor nanostructures.
Abstract We present a theoretical scheme to realize two-dimensional (2D) asymmetric diffraction grating in a five-level inverted Y-type asymmetric double semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs) structure with resonant tunneling. The SQW structure interacts with a weak probe laser field, a spatially independent 2D standing-wave (SW) field, and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex field, respectively. The results indicate that the diffraction patterns are highly sensitive to amplitude modulation and phase modulation. Because of the existence of vortex light, it is possible to realize asymmetric high-order diffraction in the SQW structure, and then a 2D asymmetric grating is established. By adjusting the detunings of the probe field, vortex field, and SW field, as well as the interaction length, diffraction intensity, and direction of the 2D asymmetric electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) can be controlled effectively. In addition, the number of orbital angular momenta (OAM) and beam waist parameter can be used to modulate the diffraction intensity and energy transfer of the probe light in different regions. High-order diffraction intensity is enhanced and high-efficiency 2D asymmetric diffraction grating with different diffraction patterns is obtained in the scheme. Such 2D asymmetric diffraction grating may be beneficial to the research of optical communication and innovative semiconductor quantum devices.
We investigate the quantum linear and nonlinear effects in a novel five-level quantum system placed near a plasmonic nanostructure. Such a quantum scheme contains a double-V-type subsystem interacting with a weak probe field. The double-V-subsystem is then coupled to an excited state by a strong coupling field, which can be a position-dependent standing-wave field. We start by analyzing the first-order linear as well as the third and fifth order nonlinear terms of the probe susceptibility by systematically solving the equations for the matter-fields. When the quantum system is near the plasmonic nanostructure, the coherent control of linear and nonlinear susceptibilities becomes inevitable, leading to vanishing absorption effects and enhancing the nonlinearities. We also show that when the coupling light involves a standing-wave pattern, the periodic modulation of linear and nonlinear spectra results in an efficient scheme for the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG). In particular, the diffraction efficiency is influenced by changing the distance between the quantum system and plasmonic nanostructure. The proposed scheme may find potential applications in future nanoscale photonic devices.
Enhanced fifth-order nonlinearity with Fano interference is theoretically studied in asymmetric double quantum wells. The resonant tunneling induces constructive interference for third- and fifth-order nonlinearities. Their competition causes a transparency window at some frequency detuning, where the fifth-order refractive index can be simultaneously enhanced by Fano interference. Simulation results show that fifth-order nonlinearity can be enhanced by about 10 times compared to that without the Fano effect. Also, the influence of different strengths of resonant tunneling coupling and Fano interference on enhanced high-order nonlinearity is discussed.
Abstract We analyze the electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level inverted-Y double quantum well system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, the Fraunhofer diffraction of a weak probe laser field is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the diffraction patterns are sensitive to both the absorptive and dispersive properties of the system. The effect of coupling and pumping fields intensity, frequency detuning, the relative phase of fields and the sample interaction length on diffraction pattern is then discussed. Our scheme may find potential applications in designing the semiconductor quantum well-based photonic devices, such as all-optical switches at low light levels.
Tunneling-induced large fifth-order nonlinearity is theoretically demonstrated in a double-quantum-dot system. The resonant tunneling induces constructive interference for the third- and fifth-order nonlinear effects. The competition between the linearity and nonlinearity leads to a transparency window at some frequency detunings, where the fifth-order nonlinear refractive index could be increased to be more than one order of magnitude larger than that on resonance. An analytical expression shows that the resonant tunneling mainly contributes to the dramatic enhancement of the fifth-order nonlinear response.
We investigate tunneling induced nonlinear absorption phenomena in a coupled quantum-dot system. Resonant tunneling causes constructive interference in the nonlinear absorption that leads to an increase of more than an order of magnitude over the maximum absorption in a coupled quantum dot system without tunneling. Resonant tunneling also leads to a narrowing of the linewidth of the absorption peak to a sublinewidth level. Analytical expressions show that the enhanced nonlinear absorption is largely due to the fifth-order nonlinear term. Competition between third- and fifth-order nonlinearities leads to an anomalous dispersion of the total susceptibility.