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Laser Physics Letters

Azimuthal controlling of electromagnetically induced phase grating in five-level quantum systems

Jinlan Jiang, Shuifa Shen, Dong-Biao Kang

Published Feb 17, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for creating a two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced phase grating in a five-level quantum system interacting with a weak probe light, two coupling standing light in the x and y directions and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) field. By derivation of the Maxwell’s wave equation, we obtain the dynamic response of the probe light in the quantum system. Then, we perform the analytical solution of the probe susceptibility for obtaining the linear and nonlinear properties of the medium. By numerical calculations, we discuss the amplitude and phase modulations and Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of the probe light in different parametric conditions. We show that by adjusting the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the LG light a 2D grating is observed. Moreover, we find that the probe energy can be transferred from zero order to high order of direction when we change the OAM number of LG light. Our proposed model may have potential applications in fundamental research and quantum information processing based on OAM light in quantum systems.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/ac50a6

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Abstract In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for creating a two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced phase grating in a five-level quantum system interacting with a weak probe light, two coupling standing light in the x and y directions and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) field. By derivation of the Maxwell’s wave equation, we obtain the dynamic response of the probe light in the quantum system. Then, we perform the analytical solution of the probe susceptibility for obtaining the linear and nonlinear properties of the medium. By numerical calculations, we discuss the amplitude and phase modulations and Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of the probe light in different parametric conditions. We show that by adjusting the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the LG light a 2D grating is observed. Moreover, we find that the probe energy can be transferred from zero order to high order of direction when we change the OAM number of LG light. Our proposed model may have potential applications in fundamental research and quantum information processing based on OAM light in quantum systems.
We propose a theoretical scheme for creating a two-dimensional Electromagnetically Induced Grating in a three-level [Formula: see text]-type atomic system interacting with a weak probe field and two simultaneous position-dependent coupling fields-a two dimensional standing wave and an optical vortex beam. Upon derivation of the Maxwell wave equation, describing the dynamic response of the probe light in the atomic medium, we perform numerical calculations of the amplitude, phase modulations and Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the probe field under different system parameters. We show that due to the azimuthal modulation of the Laguerre-Gaussian field, a two-dimensional asymmetric grating is observed, giving an increase of the zeroth and high orders of diffraction, thus transferring the probe energy to the high orders of direction. The asymmetry is especially seen in the case of combining a resonant probe with an off-resonant standing wave coupling and optical vortex fields. Unlike in previously reported asymmetric diffraction gratings for PT symmetric structures, the parity time symmetric structure is not necessary for the asymmetric diffraction grating presented here. The asymmetry is due to the constructive and destructive interference between the amplitude and phase modulations of the grating system, resulting in complete blocking of the diffracted photons at negative or positive angles, due to the coupling of the vortex beam. A detailed analysis of the probe field energy transfer to different orders of diffraction in the case of off-resonant standing wave coupling field proves the possibility of direct control over the performance of the grating.
Abstract We propose a theoretical scheme to realize a two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grating in a four-level inverted-Y-type atomic system coupled by a standing-wave (SW) field and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex field. Owing to asymmetric spatial modulation of the LG vortex field, the incident probe field can be lopsidedly diffracted into four domains and an asymmetric 2D electromagnetically induced grating is created. By adjusting the detunings of the probe field and the LG vortex field, the intensities of the LG vortex field and the coherent SW field, as well as the interaction length, the diffraction properties and efficiency, can be effectively manipulated. In addition, the effect of the azimuthal parameter on the Fraunhofer diffraction of the probe field is also discussed. This asymmetric 2D diffraction grating scheme may provide a versatile platform for designing quantum devices that require asymmetric light transmission.
Abstract A new theoretical scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is proposed in a three-level Ξ-type atomic system. The system is driven by a weak probe field and two position-dependent coupling fields—a 2D standing-wave field and a vortex field. Due to lopsided spatial modulation of the vortex Laguerre–Gaussian field, the weak probe light could be diffracted into different domains and asymmetric 2D EIG is formed. The result shows that the diffraction patterns and efficiency could be effectively modulated by the azimuthal parameter of the vortex field. Also, the system parameters such as the probe field detuning, the intensity of the vortex field, and the interaction length could be used to regulate the diffraction properties of the 2D EIG effectively. The scheme of asymmetric 2D EIG may have some potential application in all-optical information processing and the design of quantum devices.
Abstract The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in a three-level quantum dot nanostructure is examined. A probe light, a two-dimensional standing wave field, and a weak signal light are the three optical laser fields that the graphene quantum dot interacts with them. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the probe transmitted light has been addressed under two different coupling situations, including when the weak signal light into an optical vortex beam and a plane wave. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern becomes symmetric for plane wave coupling light, and the diffracted light can be adjusted by the relative phase between applied lights. However, using the orbital angular momentum of light, it is possible to obtain an asymmetric diffraction pattern for optical light. It has been discovered that in both instances, phase modulation of the probe light’s transmission function allows the probe energy to move from zero order to higher orders.
Abstract We present a theoretical scheme to realize two-dimensional (2D) asymmetric diffraction grating in a five-level inverted Y-type asymmetric double semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs) structure with resonant tunneling. The SQW structure interacts with a weak probe laser field, a spatially independent 2D standing-wave (SW) field, and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex field, respectively. The results indicate that the diffraction patterns are highly sensitive to amplitude modulation and phase modulation. Because of the existence of vortex light, it is possible to realize asymmetric high-order diffraction in the SQW structure, and then a 2D asymmetric grating is established. By adjusting the detunings of the probe field, vortex field, and SW field, as well as the interaction length, diffraction intensity, and direction of the 2D asymmetric electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) can be controlled effectively. In addition, the number of orbital angular momenta (OAM) and beam waist parameter can be used to modulate the diffraction intensity and energy transfer of the probe light in different regions. High-order diffraction intensity is enhanced and high-efficiency 2D asymmetric diffraction grating with different diffraction patterns is obtained in the scheme. Such 2D asymmetric diffraction grating may be beneficial to the research of optical communication and innovative semiconductor quantum devices.
We investigate the performance of a symmetrical two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating produced in a four-level NNN-type atomic scheme, which interacts with a weak probe field and two simultaneous coupling fields: a two-dimensional standing wave and a composite optical vortex beam. Based on the Maxwell wave equation, we study numerically the behavior of the amplitude, the phase modulations, as well as the probe field diffraction intensities of different order under various conditions for the coupling field detunings and the orbital angular momentum of the Laguerre-Gaussian field. The different orders of diffraction are altered when the azimuthal angle of the composite vortex light changes, thus producing a two-dimensional symmetric grating which transfers the probe energy to higher orders of diffraction. A detailed analysis of the probe field energy transfer to these different orders proves the possibility for direct control over the performance of the grating.