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Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research

Spatial Optical Solitons: Guiding Light For Future Technologies

Yuri S. Kivshar, George I. Stegeman

Published Jan 1, 2002• 71 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An overview of the basic properties of optical solitons was presented. Solitons exist by virtue of very strong nonlinear coupling between radiation and matter. They are also a manifestation of a wave particle duality on a macroscopic scale, exhibiting both particlelike and wavelike properties. The advantages of the solitons for designing smaller all-optical logical gates were also discussed.

DOI
10.1364/opn.13.2.000059

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An overview of the basic properties of optical solitons was presented. Solitons exist by virtue of very strong nonlinear coupling between radiation and matter. They are also a manifestation of a wave particle duality on a macroscopic scale, exhibiting both particlelike and wavelike properties. The advantages of the solitons for designing smaller all-optical logical gates were also discussed.
Solitons are fascinating entities that are known to exist in many different branches of physics. They represent self-localized wave packets that do not expand while propagating in a dispersive environment. The localization (self-trapping) relies on a nonlinear effect, and it can result from a variety of nonlinear mechanisms. In general, solitons exhibit a rich, particlelike behavior that is clearly manifested during their interactions (collisions). Despite their diversity, solitons are a universal phenomenon and thus share many common features. In their most frequent realization, these particlelike wave packets are fully coherent entities. In this case, given the soliton phase at a particular location as well as the frequency of the carrier wave, one can deterministically predict the phase everywhere (at any given point in space and time) upon the soliton.
Dark solitons have been observed in optical systems (optical fibres, dielectric guides and bulk media), and, more recently, in harmonically confined atomic Bose–Einstein condensates. This paper presents an overview of some of the common features and analogies experienced by these two intrinsically nonlinear systems, with emphasis on the stability of dark solitons in such systems and their decay via emission of radiation. The closely related issue of vortex dynamics in such systems is also briefly discussed.
Dark solitons have been observed in optical systems (optical fibres, dielectric guides and bulk media), and, more recently, in harmonically confined atomic Bose–Einstein condensates. This paper presents an overview of some of the common features and analogies experienced by these two intrinsically nonlinear systems, with emphasis on the stability of dark solitons in such systems and their decay via emission of radiation. The closely related issue of vortex dynamics in such systems is also briefly discussed.
In a consistent description of the quantum measurement process, whether the wave or particlelike aspect of a system is revealed depends on the details of the measurement chain, and cannot be interpreted as an objective fact about the system independent of the measurement. We show precisely how this comes to be in the measurement of gravitational radiation. Whether a wave or particlelike aspect is revealed is a property of the detector employed at the end of the quantum measurement chain, rather than of the meter, such as a gravitational-wave (GW) antenna or resonant bar, used to couple the radiation to the detector. A linear detector yields no signal for radiation in a Fock state and a signal proportional to the amplitude in a coherent state—supporting a wavelike interpretation. In contrast, the signal from a detector coupled to the meter's energy is nonzero only when the incident radiation contains at least a single graviton. Thus, conceptually simple modifications of contemporary GW antennae can reveal wave-particle duality in the measurement of gravitational radiation.