Many-body dynamics of small Rydberg-atom systems in the presence of physical limitations and imperfections are investigated experimentally and compared to numerical results from a dissipative model. This study provides useful information for scaling up a quantum simulator within the Rydberg-atom platform.
Experimentally observed quantum few-body dynamics of neutral atoms excited to a Rydberg state are numerically analyzed. For this, up to five rubidium atoms are trapped with optical tweezers, arranged in various two-dimensional configurations, and excited to the Rydberg 67S state in the nearest-neighbor blockade regime. Their coherent evolutions are measured with time-varying ground-state projections and the experimental results are analyzed with a model Lindblad equation with the homogeneous and inhomogeneous dampings determined by systematic and statistical error analysis. The coherent and dissipative dynamics of these entangled systems are successfully reproduced using the given model and external parameters optimally calibrated with the experimental results.
Rydberg atoms, characterized by their strong and long-range dipole-dipole interactions, provide a versatile platform for exploring intriguing collective and many-body effects. Recently, the experimental realization of these effects in dense ensembles and reconfigurable atomic arrays has attracted significant interest, particularly for applications in quantum simulations and non-equilibrium physics. This review focuses on such recent development, discussing the theoretical foundations of the interactions between Rydberg atoms and the ensuing many-body physics, while providing a critical survey of experimental techniques for their precise manipulation and observation. We further discuss recent breakthroughs in leveraging Rydberg collective effects to probe novel many-body phases and non-equilibrium dynamics of these systems. By synthesizing theoretical insights with experimental milestones, we provide a comprehensive perspective on this rapidly evolving field and its transformative potential for future quantum technologies.
One of the most fascinating and challenging topics of recent years is many- body physics. Owing to the large number of components of real physi- cal systems an analytical approach or numerical solutions are typically not practicable. However, an experimental approach to this problem is possible thanks to an unprecedented level of matter control on the atomic scale. In our setup we use atoms excited to high-lying energy states, called Rydberg atoms, which have peculiar properties like the extremely long lifetime and strong interactions. These experimental features make a cold ensem- ble of Rydberg atoms a very controllable example of a strongly interacting many-body system and provide a promising framework for quantum simulation.
An atomic ensemble with many-body entanglement is desirable for precision measurement. As a type of such quantum state, the spin squeezed state has been pursued in both cold and warm atoms for applications of a quantum-enhanced atomic clock, interferometer, and magnetometer. Here, we report the numerical simulation of many-body dynamics in a Rydberg atomic array with dipole–dipole interaction, and evaluate the generation of spin squeezing. The method builds on the dissipative discrete truncated Wigner approximation, which combines the mean-field dynamics of a spin ensemble with Monte Carlo sampling. By taking into account experimental imperfections such as spin decoherence, we apply this approach to the dynamics in both strontium and rubidium Rydberg atomic arrays with the current available scale. This offers the possibility to accurately simulate the many-body dynamics of interacting quantum systems in achievable platforms for application of quantum simulation and quantum metrology.