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APS

Theoretical study of radio frequency field applied to Bose-Einstein condensate

M. R. Doery, Paul S. Julienne

Published May 1, 1998• 0 citations
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We report the results of in-situ characterization of $ ^{87}$Rb atom cloud in a quadrupole Ioffe configuration (QUIC) magnetic trap after radio frequency (RF) evaporative cooling of the trapped atom cloud. The in-situ absorption images of the atom cloud have shown clear bimodal optical density (OD) profiles which indicate the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phase transition in the trapped gas. Also, we report the measured variation in the sizes of the condensate and thermal clouds with the final frequency in the frequency scan of the RF-field applied for evaporative cooling. The results are consistent with the theoretical understanding and predictions reported earlier.
A radio-frequency (RF) transition is used to convert a pure F = 2, m F = 2 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a TOP trap into a mixture of F = 2, m F = 2 and F = 2, m F = 1 states. We show that the nature of this coupling process is strongly influenced by the presence of the time-varying field of the TOP trap, and complicated by the presence of multiple Zeeman substates. In particular, the effective Rabi frequency associated with the applied RF field is not constant across the spatial extent of the cloud leading to a complex geometry for atom-laser output coupling and `averaging out' of Rabi oscillations. Further, a time-varying detuning can give rise to complex spatial structures.
We develop the quantum-mechanical description of output coupling of macroscopic coherent matter waves from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via a radio-frequency field in the pulsed and cw limits for both strong and weak field coupling. The theory is converted into a Fock state description to point out the stimulated (in Bose particle) nature of the output coupling. A useful analogy with the theory of molecular photodissociation is used to explain the various regimes of output coupling BECs using radiation sources. We present specific calculations of the rates of output coupling as a function of the number of Bose atoms in the condensate and the frequency, detuning, and intensity of the radio-frequency field.