APS

Determination of the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ba+ by study of high-L, n=9 and 10 Rydberg states of Ba

Erica L. Snow, R. A. Komara, M. A. Gearba, William G. Sturrus, S. R. Lundeen

Published May 1, 2004• 1 citation

OpenAlex

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Determination of dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ba+ by measurement of the fine structure of high- L n=9 and 10 Rydberg states of barium

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APS

Determination of the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ba+ by study of high-L, n=9 and 10 Rydberg states of Ba

Erica L. Snow, R. A. Komara, M. A. Gearba, William G. Sturrus, S. R. Lundeen

Published May 1, 2004• 1 citation

OpenAlex

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Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 21, 20090 citations

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Shannon L. Woods, S. R. Lundeen, Erica L. Snow

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Measurements in high-L, n=17 and 20 Rydberg states of barium: An investigation of ion core properties of Ba $^{+}$ .Measurements in high-L, n=17 and 20 Rydberg states of barium: An investigation of ion core properties of Ba$^{+}$.

Erica L. Snow, S. R. Lundeen

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 6, 20070 citations

Ab initio dipole polarizabilities and quadrupole moments of the lowest excited states of atomic Yb

Alexei A. Buchachenko

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Determination of dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of Ba+ by measurement of the fine structure of high- L n=9 and 10 Rydberg states of barium

Erica L. Snow, M. A. Gearba, R. A. Komara +2 more

The fine structure of high-angular-momentum $n=9$ and 10 Rydberg states of barium has been measured precisely, using the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy method. Optical transitions corresponding to $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}})=(10,30)$, (9,17), and (9,20) were induced with a Doppler-tuned ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser, determining the fine-structure energies corresponding to all $n=9$ and 10 levels with $L\ensuremath{\geqslant}6$. The pattern of these fine-structure energies conforms closely with an effective potential model, by comparison with which the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ can be determined. Combining our data with earlier measurements made it possible to deduce, in addition, the portion of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ due to the lowest excited $D$ state of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ . Our best estimates of these three properties are ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}=124.30(16){a}_{0}^{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=2462(361){a}_{0}^{5}$, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}^{0}=1828(88){a}_{0}^{5}$.The fine structure of high-angular-momentum $n=9$ and 10 Rydberg states of barium has been measured precisely, using the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy method. Optical transitions corresponding to $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}})=(10,30)$, (9,17), and (9,20) were induced with a Doppler-tuned ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser, determining the fine-structure energies corresponding to all $n=9$ and 10 levels with $L\ensuremath{\geqslant}6$. The pattern of these fine-structure energies conforms closely with an effective potential model, by comparison with which the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ can be determined. Combining our data with earlier measurements made it possible to deduce, in addition, the portion of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ due to the lowest excited $D$ state of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$. Our best estimates of these three properties are ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}=124.30(16){a}_{0}^{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=2462(361){a}_{0}^{5}$, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}^{0}=1828(88){a}_{0}^{5}$.

Physical Review AFeb 25, 200529 citations

Effective core polarizabilities in Ba high-l Nsnldouble Rydberg atoms

Pierre Camus, S. Cohen

We present experimental energy-level positions for Ba high-l Nsnl double Rydberg states with N=8 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}7) and N=9 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}7). These data as well as previously reported measurements for N=7 (n=12--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}5) and N=10 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}10) are parametrized in order to yield values for the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ Ns effective dipole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and quadrupole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ polarizabilities. The obtained ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.25(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{3}$ , 7.05(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{3}$ , 2.95(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{4}$ , 9.39(15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{4}$ in ${\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{3}$ units and the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.7(8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{4}$ , 1.8(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{5}$ , -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}$ , -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$ in ${\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{5}$ units for N=7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ evolution with N is found to follow a ${\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{*}6.9(1)}$ power law, while calculated static polarizabilities present somewhat lower power dependence. From this small difference it is not possible to appreciate the importance of nonadiabatic effects between the two asymmetrically excited electrons. On the other hand, the larger discrepancies appearing between the calculated static and fitted quadrupole polarizabilities show clear evidence of nonadiabatic effects. Particularly the negative ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ sign for N\ensuremath{\geqslant}9 is attributed to the increasing strength of dynamical effects on the Ns core electron caused by the motion of the outer high-l electron. It gives evidence of the increasing importance of nonadiabatic radial correlation between two planetary electrons when the Ns inner electron is sufficiently radially extended to be characterized as an inner Rydberg electron without, nevertheless, any appreciable overlapping with the outer electron.We present experimental energy-level positions for Ba high-l Nsnl double Rydberg states with N=8 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}7) and N=9 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}7). These data as well as previously reported measurements for N=7 (n=12--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}5) and N=10 (n=13--15, l\ensuremath{\geqslant}10) are parametrized in order to yield values for the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ Ns effective dipole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and quadrupole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ polarizabilities. The obtained ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.25(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$, 7.05(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$, 2.95(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$, 9.39(15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ in ${\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{3}$ units and the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.7(8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$, 1.8(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$, -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$, -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ in ${\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{5}$ units for N=7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ evolution with N is found to follow a ${\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{*}6.9(1)}$ power law, while calculated static polarizabilities present somewhat lower power dependence. From this small difference it is not possible to appreciate the importance of nonadiabatic effects between the two asymmetrically excited electrons. On the other hand, the larger discrepancies appearing between the calculated static and fitted quadrupole polarizabilities show clear evidence of nonadiabatic effects. Particularly the negative ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ sign for N\ensuremath{\geqslant}9 is attributed to the increasing strength of dynamical effects on the Ns core electron caused by the motion of the outer high-l electron. It gives evidence of the increasing importance of nonadiabatic radial correlation between two planetary electrons when the Ns inner electron is sufficiently radially extended to be characterized as an inner Rydberg electron without, nevertheless, any appreciable overlapping with the outer electron.

Physical Review AMar 1, 199510 citations

Measurements in high-L, n=17 and 20 Rydberg states of barium: An investigation of ion core properties of Ba

^{+}

The fine structure of high-angular-momentum

n=9

and 10 Rydberg states of barium has been measured precisely, using the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy method. Optical transitions corresponding to $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}})=(10,30)$, (9,17), and (9,20) were induced with a Doppler-tuned

{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}

laser, determining the fine-structure energies corresponding to all

n=9

and 10 levels with $L\ensuremath{\geqslant}6$. The pattern of these fine-structure energies conforms closely with an effective potential model, by comparison with which the dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of

{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}

can be determined. Combining our data with earlier measurements made it possible to deduce, in addition, the portion of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ due to the lowest excited

D

state of

{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}

. Our best estimates of these three properties are ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}=124.30(16){a}_{0}^{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=2462(361){a}_{0}^{5}$, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}^{0}=1828(88){a}_{0}^{5}$.

{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}

Ns effective dipole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and quadrupole ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ polarizabilities. The obtained ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.25(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{3}

, 7.05(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{3}

, 2.95(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{4}

, 9.39(15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{4}

{\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{3}

units and the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ values are 1.7(8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{4}

, 1.8(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{5}

, -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{6}

, -1.0(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}

{10}^{7}

{\mathrm{a}}_{0}^{5}

units for N=7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ evolution with N is found to follow a

{\mathrm{N}}^{\mathrm{*}6.9(1)}

power law, while calculated static polarizabilities present somewhat lower power dependence. From this small difference it is not possible to appreciate the importance of nonadiabatic effects between the two asymmetrically excited electrons. On the other hand, the larger discrepancies appearing between the calculated static and fitted quadrupole polarizabilities show clear evidence of nonadiabatic effects. Particularly the negative ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ sign for N\ensuremath{\geqslant}9 is attributed to the increasing strength of dynamical effects on the Ns core electron caused by the motion of the outer high-l electron. It gives evidence of the increasing importance of nonadiabatic radial correlation between two planetary electrons when the Ns inner electron is sufficiently radially extended to be characterized as an inner Rydberg electron without, nevertheless, any appreciable overlapping with the outer electron.