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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Coupling of SiV-containing nanodiamonds to a Fabry-Perot microcavity

Alexey M. Romshin, Oleg S. Kudryavtsev, Dmitrii G. Pasternak, Евгений Алексеевич Екимов, Igor I. Vlasov

Published Mar 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The possibility of increasing the spontaneous emission rate for silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in nanodiamonds placed in a Fabry-Perot microcavity was studied. For this purpose, a plano-concave open access microcavity was designed. The cavity was tested using diamond nanocrystallites, placed on a flat mirror. Nanodiamonds were synthesized from adamantane and Si-containing adamantane derivative by high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) technique. The controlled room temperature cavity coupling gives rise to a resonant Purcell enhancement of the SiV zero-phonon line by a factor 1.4.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1461/1/012142

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Abstract The possibility of increasing the spontaneous emission rate for silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in nanodiamonds placed in a Fabry-Perot microcavity was studied. For this purpose, a plano-concave open access microcavity was designed. The cavity was tested using diamond nanocrystallites, placed on a flat mirror. Nanodiamonds were synthesized from adamantane and Si-containing adamantane derivative by high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) technique. The controlled room temperature cavity coupling gives rise to a resonant Purcell enhancement of the SiV zero-phonon line by a factor 1.4.
This thesis investigates the coupling of the fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to tunable optical microresonators at ambient conditions, in particular in the regime of Purcell enhancement. We use fiber-based, open-access Fabry-Pérot cavities optimized for high finesse and ultra-small mode volume. Different regimes of cavity enhancement are studied that are complementary to each other: A first experiment relies on a high-finesse cavity with dielectric mirrors. The scaling laws of Purcell enhancement are explicitly demonstrated by a large-range variation of both the cavity mode volume (V = 16 − 600 µm^3 ) and the quality factor (Q = 6 · 10^3 − 2 · 10^6). We detect an enhancement of the emission spectral density by up to a factor of 300. The full potential of this resonator can be exploited with emitters having a linewidth which is narrower than the resonance linewidth of the cavity. This concept holds promise for the implementation of wavelength-tunable, narrow-band single-photon sources as well as the generation of indistinguishable single-photons at ambient conditions. However, for broad-band emitters like the NV center at room temperature, the emission lifetime is not affected noticeably in this configuration. In order to directly observe lifetime changes and Purcell-enhanced single-photon emission, we manufacture fiber-based cavities with silver-coated mirrors having ultra-small mode volumes, as small as V = 1.0 λ^3 = 0.34 µm^3. We demonstrate cavity-enhanced fluorescence imaging, which allows to locate and analyze several single NV centers with one cavity. The Purcell effect is evidenced by an enhanced fluorescence collection of up to 1.6 · 10^6 photons per second from single-NV centers and a tunable variation of the emission lifetime corresponding to an effective Purcell factor of up to 2. We furthermore investigate a benefcial regime of optical confinement where the Fabry-Pérot cavity mode is combined with additional mode confinement by the diamond nanocrystal itself, enabling sub-λ^3 mode volumes. We perform simulations that predict effective Purcell factors of up to 11 for NV centers and of up to 63 for silicon-vacancy centers, revealing a great potential for bright single-photon sources and effcient spin readout at ambient conditions.
Efficient coupling between quantum emitters and optical cavities is essential for scalable quantum photonic technologies. Group-IV vacancy centers in diamond, particularly the negatively charged tin-vacancy center, have emerged as promising candidates due to their spectral stability, high Debye-Waller factor, and large orbital splitting in ground states. Here, we demonstrate controlled coupling of a single negatively charged tin-vacancy center hosted in a nanodiamond to a fully tunable Fabry-Pérot microcavity. At cryogenic temperatures, we access the weak-coupling regime and observe a transition from the bad-emitter regime to the bad-cavity regime as the optical transition of the color center narrows. At 4 K, a Purcell factor exceeding 1.7 is measured, confirming cavity-enhanced emission. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of Sn − V − centers in nanodiamonds as a coherent single-photon source for quantum networks.
Abstract Silicon vacancy (SiV) centers in diamonds have attracted much attention because of their stability and narrow emission linewidth, and are promising for applications in quantum information technology. SiV-center-encapsulated nanodiamonds have also attracted much attention because of their potential to be coupled to various photonic devices. One efficient way to fabricate nanodiamonds that contain SiV centers is Si ion implantation into nanodiamonds. However, the evaluation of a single SiV center in a nanodiamond produced by this method at low temperatures has not been performed. In this study, we report on the optical properties of a single SiV center in a nanodiamond produced by ion implantation at cryogenic temperatures. The emission spectrum from a single SiV center ( g 2 ( 0 ) = 0.19 ) was observed with four distinct fine splittings of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 4 K. At an excitation power of 50 μ W, the full width at half maximum of the ZPL reached the spectrometer resolution limit (0.09 nm). The temperature dependence of the emission peak is consistent with that of the emission coming from an SiV center under high strain. The results obtained in this work suggest that nanodiamonds containing single SiV centers formed using this method will be an important building block for the realization of quantum information applications.
A key requirement for many applications in solid-state quantum sciences is a high fluence of indistinguishable photons. The spontaneous emission of these photons is governed by the coupling of an excited quantum system to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. In our experiment, we enhance this coupling by engineering a tunable Fabry-Perot microcavity. The quantum system we study is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, a workhorse for quantum science and engineering, due to its optical transitions and the coherent electron spin system it hosts. Our device consists of a high-quality, nano-fabricated, single-crystalline diamond membrane bonded to a planar mirror; the cavity is completed by a second, concave mirror. Using piezo positioners, we achieve full spectral and spatial tunability and freedom in selecting NVs with favorable emission properties in our low-temperature (4 Kelvin) experiments. Upon tuning of the cavity into resonance, we find significant enhancement of the 637 nm zero phonon line for several individual NVs which is accompanied by a strong reduction of the overall photoluminescence (PL) lifetime. We infer a 30-fold enhancement of the zero-phonon transition rate at best. The fraction of the PL emission associated to this resonant transition is thereby increased from 3% to 46%. Our results constitute a significant leap on the route towards the implementation of fast long-distance quantum networks, which are currently limited by the photon emission rate in their nodes. Furthermore, our versatile design is readily applicable to other solid-state quantum emitters like color centers in silicon carbide.
Color centers in diamond, among them the negatively charged germanium vacancy (GeV−), are promising candidates for many applications of quantum optics, such as a quantum network. For efficient implementation, the optical transitions need to be coupled to a single optical mode. Here, we demonstrate the transfer of a nanodiamond containing a single ingrown GeV− center with excellent optical properties to an open Fabry–Pérot microcavity by nanomanipulation utilizing an atomic force microscope. Coupling of the GeV− defect to the cavity mode is achieved, while the optical resonator maintains a high finesse of F=7700, and a 48-fold spectral density enhancement is observed. This article demonstrates the integration of a GeV− defect with a Fabry–Pérot microcavity under ambient conditions with the potential to extend the experiments to cryogenic temperatures toward an efficient spin-photon platform.