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APS

Parametric dimensional evolution of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of imbalanced fermionic-atom superfluids in an optical lattice of coupled tubes

C. J. Bolech, Kuei Sun

Published May 1, 2013• 0 citations
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Dynamical instabilities of paired fermion superfluids in optical lattices

R. Ganesh, A. A. Burkov, Arun Paramekanti

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 12, 2008•0 citations
We study two-species fermion gases with attractive interaction in two-dimensional optical lattices, producing an array of elongated tube confinements. Focusing on the interplay of Cooper pairing, spin imbalance (or magnetization), and intertube tunneling, we find the pairing gap can exhibit oscillatory behavior both along and across the tubes, reminiscent of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase. We obtain a Bose-Hubbard-like phase diagram that shows that the magnetization of the system undergoes an incompressible-compressible transition as a function of magnetic field and intertube tunneling strength. We find the parity of tube-filling imbalance in incompressible states is protected by that of the oscillatory pairing gap. Finally, we discuss signatures of this transition and thus (indirectly) of the FFLO pairing in cold-atom experiments.
Superfluidity with imbalanced populations of harmonically trapped ultracold fermions in a two-dimensional optical lattice is investigated by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. The intriguing richness of patterns between competing ferromagnetic and superfluid phases for different filling densities has been revealed. At low density, the main experimental features could be reproduced, especially the bimodal distribution of ferromagnetism. The superfluid-pairing gap oscillates radially, demonstrating the realization of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. In the high-density regime, another type of FFLO state with gap oscillation along the angular direction shows up and the accompanying ferromagnetic order modulates accordingly. The square lattice like FFLO state may appear at the intermediate densities. Moreover, we suggest other experimental proposals of observing the unique FFLO features straightforwardly.