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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Adiabatic evolution of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of imbalanced fermionic-atom superfluids in an optical lattice of coupled tubes

C. J. Bolech, Kuei Sun

Published Mar 20, 2013• 0 citations
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Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov states in a superfluid Fermi gas

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We review the concepts and the present state of theoretical studies of spin-imbalanced superfluidity, in particular the elusive Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, in the context of ultracold quantum gases. The comprehensive presentation of the theoretical basis for the FFLO state that we provide is useful also for research on the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in other physical systems. We focus on settings that have been predicted to be favourable for the FFLO state, such as optical lattices in various dimensions and spin-orbit coupled systems. These are also the most likely systems for near-future experimental observation of the FFLO state. Theoretical bounds, such as Bloch's and Luttinger's theorems, and experimentally important limitations, such as finite-size effects and trapping potentials, are considered. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of the various ideas presented for the observation of the FFLO state. We conclude our review with an analysis of the open questions related to the FFLO state, such as its stability, superfluid density, collective modes and extending the FFLO superfluid concept to new types of lattice systems.
We study two-species fermion gases with attractive interaction in two-dimensional optical lattices, producing an array of elongated tube confinements. Focusing on the interplay of Cooper pairing, spin imbalance (or magnetization), and intertube tunneling, we find the pairing gap can exhibit oscillatory behavior both along and across the tubes, reminiscent of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase. We obtain a Bose-Hubbard-like phase diagram that shows that the magnetization of the system undergoes an incompressible-compressible transition as a function of magnetic field and intertube tunneling strength. We find the parity of tube-filling imbalance in incompressible states is protected by that of the oscillatory pairing gap. Finally, we discuss signatures of this transition and thus (indirectly) of the FFLO pairing in cold-atom experiments.