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Optics Express

Signal advance and delay due to an optical phase-sensitive amplifier

Nicholas R. Brewer, Tian Li, K. M. Jones, Paul D. Lett

Published Apr 10, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fast and slow light media exploit a steep frequency dependence in their index of refraction in order to advance or delay a modulated signal. Here we observe a qualitatively similar advance and delay from an optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA). Unlike in the case of slow and fast light, this effect is due to a redistribution of power between imbalanced signal sidebands, and the advance or delay is dependent on the optical phase of the input. The PSA adds energy and also changes the frequency spectrum of the input. We show that the advances and delays observed in a PSA implemented using four-wave mixing in a warm rubidium vapor are consistent with the expected behavior of an ideal PSA.

DOI
10.1364/oe.392789

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Fast and slow light media exploit a steep frequency dependence in their index of refraction in order to advance or delay a modulated signal. Here we observe a qualitatively similar advance and delay from an optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA). Unlike in the case of slow and fast light, this effect is due to a redistribution of power between imbalanced signal sidebands, and the advance or delay is dependent on the optical phase of the input. The PSA adds energy and also changes the frequency spectrum of the input. We show that the advances and delays observed in a PSA implemented using four-wave mixing in a warm rubidium vapor are consistent with the expected behavior of an ideal PSA.
We present a theoretical study of the slow and fast light propagation in semiconductor optical amplifiers based on coherent population oscillations. By modulating the injection current to force the population oscillations we can modify the delay or advancement of light signals. Specifically, it is shown that the relative phase of the optical signal to the bias current modulations can be used as a knob for changing light propagation from delay to advancement. In addition, we analyze the effect of the modulation current for slow light in vertical cavity surface emission lasers (VCSELs) by taking into account the cavity effects. It is shown that the change of the depth of the modulation allows to tune the structural resonance, which in turn produces an enhancement of the delay.
Tunable delays in semiconductor optical amplifiers are achieved via four wave mixing between a strong pump beam and a modulated probe beam. The delay of the probe beam can be controlled both electrically, by changing the SOA bias, and optically, by varying the pump power or the pump-probe detuning. For sinusoidal modulated signal at 0.5 GHz, a tunable delay of 1.6 ns is achieved. This corresponds to a RF phase change of 1.6 pi. For 1.3 ns optical pulses propagating through the SOA a delay of 0.59 ns is achieved corresponding to a delay-bandwidth product exceeding 0.45. For both the cases, slow light and superluminal light are observed as the pump-probe detuning is varied.
This dissertation is a summary of investigations on the optical properties of a quantum-noise-limited phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA). The PSA is implemented using four-wave mixing in hot Rb 85 vapor based on a double-Lambda atomic scheme. We experimentally demonstrate the ability of a PSA to pre-amplify quantum correlations in twin light beams produced by a phase-insensitive amplifier (PIA) before degradation due to loss and detector inefficiency. By including a PSA before loss, one is able to preserve the correlations as well as the two-mode squeezing level. We compare the results to simulations employing a simple quantum-mechanical model and find a good agreement. We have demonstrated that the cross-correlation between the two modes of a bipartite entangled state can be advanced by propagation through a PIA acting as a fast-light medium. The extra noise added by the PIA has been speculated to be the mechanism that limits the advance of entanglement, preventing the mutual information from traveling superluminally. As an extension of this phase-insensitive, gain-assisted, anomalous dispersion investigation, we explore the advance and delay of information transmitted through the PSA. We start with a two-mode squeezed state created by the PIA and measure the mutual information shared by the correlated quadratures. We then pass one of these two modes through a PSA and investigate the shift of the mutual information as a function of the PSA phase. In the case of a PSA, it is well known that no extra noise will be added to the quadrature with the correct input phase (e.g., the quadrature with the maximal amplification or the maximal deamplification). We find that there is no dispersion-like behavior at these two phases, however, the peak of mutual information could either be delayed or advanced at any other phase. We also observe an almost identical behavior when we input an amplitude modulated signal to the PSA. We are able to explain the physics of this ``fast-and-slow-light'' type of behavior utilizing a model assuming imbalanced gain on the positive and negative side bands. We obtain a good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical simulations.
In this paper, the fast and slow light effect of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) under assist light injection is theoretically analyzed. Coherent population oscillation (CPO) is used to induce fast and slow light effect in the theoretical model. The effects of parameters such as modulation frequency, modulation current and assist optical power on phase delay are investigated under the assist light injection. These effects are then compared with the case without assist light injection. The simulation results show that the injection of assist light can increase the phase delay of the output optical signal and enhance the slow light effect. Furthermore, when the assist light optical power is in the range of 0–15 dBm, the slow light effect is strong.