Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

Non-reconciliation Secret Keys Based Secure Transmission Scheme Using Polar Codes

Zheng Wan, Kaizhi Huang

Published Dec 1, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Focusing on the problem of information leakage and communication cost in information reconciliation, this paper introduces a non-reconciliation secret Keys based transmission scheme (NASKT) for machine to machine(M2M) communications in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which uses polar codes to guarantee no error transmission. First, the improved Kalman filter preprocessing algorithm is used to reduce the quantized bit error rate (QBER). Then, QBER is modeled as the transmission bit error rate of the additional white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the polar codes are designed based on the equivalent AWGN channel and system performance requirements to guarantee the security of transmitted information. Numerical simulations verify that the secure M2M transmission scheme based on the Non-reconciliation secret Keys using polar codes can realize the One-Time Pad lightweight security.

DOI
10.1109/iccc47050.2019.9064302

Related papers

Securing M2M Transmissions Using Nonreconciled Secret Keys Generated from Wireless Channels

Linning Peng, Guyue Li, Junqing Zhang +1 more

Wireless secret key generation exploits unpredictable multi-path features from wireless channel to achieve high secure key bits. Most of the existing wireless secret key generation methods require information reconciliation process to correct discrepant key bits between the keying parties, which reveals information to the eavesdroppers and increases the system complexity. This paper introduces an integrated wireless secret key based transmission (WSKT) scheme for machine to machine (M2M) communications, using nonreconciled key bits generated from wireless channels without information reconciliation but sharing the error correction capability of channel coding. Polar code and stream encryption are employed to achieve secure communication. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed WSKT can achieve secure M2M communications which only causes a slight degradation on the system performance.

IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)•Dec 1, 2018•19 citations

Non-Quantization Keys-Based Physical Layer Secure Transmission Scheme Using One-Time Pad

Meng Wang, Kaizhi Huang, Zheng Wan +3 more

The Non-Reconciled Keys-based One-Time Pad (NRK-OTP) secure transmission scheme has attracted widespread attention since it reduces communication cost and computational complexity caused by information reconciliation. However, this scheme utilizes quantization to convert the analog channel estimates into binary sequences, which results in channel estimation errors being amplified. To address the problem, this letter proposes a Non-Quantization Keys-based One-Time Pad (NQK-OTP) secure transmission scheme. First, the uniformly distributed keys are generated from the wireless channel without quantization. Novel encryption and decryption algorithms are then presented to encrypt and decrypt modulated signals via OTP. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can realize perfect secrecy and defend against symbol detection attacks. Compared with the NRK-OTP secure transmission scheme, the proposed scheme can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER).

IEEE International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting, Security, and Identification (ASID)•Dec 2, 2022•0 citations

Performance Enhancement of RSS-Based Secret Key Generation using Lightweight Minimal Bit Syndrome Reconciliation Method for IoT Devices

Choirun Nisa, M. Cahyo Kriswantoro

Secure communication in Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be improved through physical-layer secret key generation. In secret key generation, an information reconciliation process is required to match the bit sequences between the two communicating devices. However, this process often involves complex statistical computations that increase system overhead and require the transmission of bits over an insecure public channel. Therefore, this research presents a lightweight reconciliation algorithm based on minimal bit syndrome to reduce overhead and improve key security. The proposed method processes quantized Received Signal Strength (RSS) values into 8-bit block syndrome-based reconciliation mechanism and only the 8-bit syndromes from mismatched block are transmitted over the public channel. System testing was conducted under both static and dynamic scenarios in an indoor area using Raspberry Pi nodes. The results show that the proposed scheme demonstrates an improvement in the Key Generation Rate (KGR) by 2.2% and reduces the processing time by 11.6% in dynamic scenario and 8.3% in the static scenario. Also, the proposed scheme reduce the quantization and reconciliation time by 50% compared to previous research. Furthermore, the proposed method maintained a Key Disagreement Rate (KDR) of 0% across all block size and successfully passed the NIST randomness and complexity test, with all test parameters achieving p-values above 0.01. These result indicate that the proposed scheme improve the performance of existing secret key generation methods and it is suitable for implementation in IoT devices.

Telekontran Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan•Oct 1, 2025•0 citations

Non-Reconciled Physical-Layer Keys-Assisted Secure Communication Scheme Based on Channel Correlation

Meng Wang, Kaizhi Huang, Zheng Wan +3 more

Physical-layer key generation technology requires information reconciliation to correct channel estimation errors between two legitimate users. However, sending the reconciliation signals over the public channel increases the communication overhead and the risk of information leakage. Aiming at the problem, integrated secure communication schemes using non-reconciled keys have attracted extensive attention. These schemes exploit channel coding to correct both inconsistent keys and transmission error bits. Meanwhile, more redundant code bits must be added to correct errors, which results in a lower secure transmission rate. To address the problem, we analyze the merit of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Inspired by this, we propose a non-reconciled physical-layer keys-assisted secure communication scheme based on channel correlation. First of all, the signal frame is designed to make use of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Based on the channel correlation, non-reconciled keys are then generated from the wireless channel to encrypt transmitted data. Moreover, an adaptive coding algorithm based on the equivalent channel is presented to encode the data bits before encryption, to guarantee reliable transmission. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed scheme in terms of low bit error ratio and high secure transmission rate.

Entropy•Aug 22, 2022•1 citation

Information Reconciliation Based on Systematic Secure Polar Code for Secret Key Generation

Shengjun Zhang, Liang Jin, Shilei Zhu +2 more

Focusing on the problem of information leakage in information reconciliation (IR), this paper proposes an IR method based on systematic secure polar code (SSPC), which can ensure the security of transmitted check bits. First, the upper and lower bounds of decoded bit error ratio are derived through Gaussian approximation. Then, the generic algorithm is utilized to design suitable SSPC for IR based on the initial quantified bit error ratios, key strength and IR outage probability (IROP). At last, the completely IR procedures are simulated to evaluate the performances of proposed IR method. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only satisfies the requirements of key strength and IROP threshold, but also achieves higher IR efficiency, compared with traditional low density parity check (LDPC) code based IR method.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference•Aug 1, 2018•12 citations

A Lightweight Key Generation Scheme for the Internet of Things

Dengke Guo, Kuo Cao, Jun Xiong +2 more

Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) are usually limited in computing resources and energy capacity, which means that encryption schemes with higher complexity are not suitable for them to ensure secure communication. As a promising solution to this problem, physical layer key generation suggests that shared secret keys can be generated from noisy wireless channel measurements to enhance the security of wireless communications. In this article, we propose a key generation scheme with extremely low implementation complexity, which allows physical layer key generation to be implemented on IoT nodes. First, we preprocess the channel measurements with simple moving average filtering before quantization to improve channel reciprocity. Next, a bidirectional difference quantization scheme is proposed to realize reliable quantization of channel measurements, which is ingenious in that the quantization process does not depend on quantization thresholds, and thus, the mismatched key bits caused by measurements close to quantization thresholds can be effectively avoided. Then, we propose an improved Cascade protocol to achieve lightweight and efficient information reconciliation. The simulation results show that our scheme can well balance the reliability and efficiency of key generation, and has excellent performance in terms of implementation complexity and key randomness.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal•Feb 18, 2021•68 citations
Focusing on the problem of information leakage and communication cost in information reconciliation, this paper introduces a non-reconciliation secret Keys based transmission scheme (NASKT) for machine to machine(M2M) communications in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which uses polar codes to guarantee no error transmission. First, the improved Kalman filter preprocessing algorithm is used to reduce the quantized bit error rate (QBER). Then, QBER is modeled as the transmission bit error rate of the additional white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the polar codes are designed based on the equivalent AWGN channel and system performance requirements to guarantee the security of transmitted information. Numerical simulations verify that the secure M2M transmission scheme based on the Non-reconciliation secret Keys using polar codes can realize the One-Time Pad lightweight security.
Wireless secret key generation exploits unpredictable multi-path features from wireless channel to achieve high secure key bits. Most of the existing wireless secret key generation methods require information reconciliation process to correct discrepant key bits between the keying parties, which reveals information to the eavesdroppers and increases the system complexity. This paper introduces an integrated wireless secret key based transmission (WSKT) scheme for machine to machine (M2M) communications, using nonreconciled key bits generated from wireless channels without information reconciliation but sharing the error correction capability of channel coding. Polar code and stream encryption are employed to achieve secure communication. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed WSKT can achieve secure M2M communications which only causes a slight degradation on the system performance.
The Non-Reconciled Keys-based One-Time Pad (NRK-OTP) secure transmission scheme has attracted widespread attention since it reduces communication cost and computational complexity caused by information reconciliation. However, this scheme utilizes quantization to convert the analog channel estimates into binary sequences, which results in channel estimation errors being amplified. To address the problem, this letter proposes a Non-Quantization Keys-based One-Time Pad (NQK-OTP) secure transmission scheme. First, the uniformly distributed keys are generated from the wireless channel without quantization. Novel encryption and decryption algorithms are then presented to encrypt and decrypt modulated signals via OTP. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can realize perfect secrecy and defend against symbol detection attacks. Compared with the NRK-OTP secure transmission scheme, the proposed scheme can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER).
Secure communication in Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be improved through physical-layer secret key generation. In secret key generation, an information reconciliation process is required to match the bit sequences between the two communicating devices. However, this process often involves complex statistical computations that increase system overhead and require the transmission of bits over an insecure public channel. Therefore, this research presents a lightweight reconciliation algorithm based on minimal bit syndrome to reduce overhead and improve key security. The proposed method processes quantized Received Signal Strength (RSS) values into 8-bit block syndrome-based reconciliation mechanism and only the 8-bit syndromes from mismatched block are transmitted over the public channel. System testing was conducted under both static and dynamic scenarios in an indoor area using Raspberry Pi nodes. The results show that the proposed scheme demonstrates an improvement in the Key Generation Rate (KGR) by 2.2% and reduces the processing time by 11.6% in dynamic scenario and 8.3% in the static scenario. Also, the proposed scheme reduce the quantization and reconciliation time by 50% compared to previous research. Furthermore, the proposed method maintained a Key Disagreement Rate (KDR) of 0% across all block size and successfully passed the NIST randomness and complexity test, with all test parameters achieving p-values above 0.01. These result indicate that the proposed scheme improve the performance of existing secret key generation methods and it is suitable for implementation in IoT devices.
Physical-layer key generation technology requires information reconciliation to correct channel estimation errors between two legitimate users. However, sending the reconciliation signals over the public channel increases the communication overhead and the risk of information leakage. Aiming at the problem, integrated secure communication schemes using non-reconciled keys have attracted extensive attention. These schemes exploit channel coding to correct both inconsistent keys and transmission error bits. Meanwhile, more redundant code bits must be added to correct errors, which results in a lower secure transmission rate. To address the problem, we analyze the merit of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Inspired by this, we propose a non-reconciled physical-layer keys-assisted secure communication scheme based on channel correlation. First of all, the signal frame is designed to make use of channel correlation between non-reconciled key generation and secure transmission. Based on the channel correlation, non-reconciled keys are then generated from the wireless channel to encrypt transmitted data. Moreover, an adaptive coding algorithm based on the equivalent channel is presented to encode the data bits before encryption, to guarantee reliable transmission. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed scheme in terms of low bit error ratio and high secure transmission rate.
Focusing on the problem of information leakage in information reconciliation (IR), this paper proposes an IR method based on systematic secure polar code (SSPC), which can ensure the security of transmitted check bits. First, the upper and lower bounds of decoded bit error ratio are derived through Gaussian approximation. Then, the generic algorithm is utilized to design suitable SSPC for IR based on the initial quantified bit error ratios, key strength and IR outage probability (IROP). At last, the completely IR procedures are simulated to evaluate the performances of proposed IR method. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only satisfies the requirements of key strength and IROP threshold, but also achieves higher IR efficiency, compared with traditional low density parity check (LDPC) code based IR method.
Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) are usually limited in computing resources and energy capacity, which means that encryption schemes with higher complexity are not suitable for them to ensure secure communication. As a promising solution to this problem, physical layer key generation suggests that shared secret keys can be generated from noisy wireless channel measurements to enhance the security of wireless communications. In this article, we propose a key generation scheme with extremely low implementation complexity, which allows physical layer key generation to be implemented on IoT nodes. First, we preprocess the channel measurements with simple moving average filtering before quantization to improve channel reciprocity. Next, a bidirectional difference quantization scheme is proposed to realize reliable quantization of channel measurements, which is ingenious in that the quantization process does not depend on quantization thresholds, and thus, the mismatched key bits caused by measurements close to quantization thresholds can be effectively avoided. Then, we propose an improved Cascade protocol to achieve lightweight and efficient information reconciliation. The simulation results show that our scheme can well balance the reliability and efficiency of key generation, and has excellent performance in terms of implementation complexity and key randomness.