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IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

Information Reconciliation Based on Systematic Secure Polar Code for Secret Key Generation

Shengjun Zhang, Liang Jin, Shilei Zhu, Kaizhi Huang, Zhong Zhou

Published Aug 1, 2018• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Focusing on the problem of information leakage in information reconciliation (IR), this paper proposes an IR method based on systematic secure polar code (SSPC), which can ensure the security of transmitted check bits. First, the upper and lower bounds of decoded bit error ratio are derived through Gaussian approximation. Then, the generic algorithm is utilized to design suitable SSPC for IR based on the initial quantified bit error ratios, key strength and IR outage probability (IROP). At last, the completely IR procedures are simulated to evaluate the performances of proposed IR method. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only satisfies the requirements of key strength and IROP threshold, but also achieves higher IR efficiency, compared with traditional low density parity check (LDPC) code based IR method.

DOI
10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690843

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Focusing on the problem of information leakage in information reconciliation (IR), this paper proposes an IR method based on systematic secure polar code (SSPC), which can ensure the security of transmitted check bits. First, the upper and lower bounds of decoded bit error ratio are derived through Gaussian approximation. Then, the generic algorithm is utilized to design suitable SSPC for IR based on the initial quantified bit error ratios, key strength and IR outage probability (IROP). At last, the completely IR procedures are simulated to evaluate the performances of proposed IR method. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only satisfies the requirements of key strength and IROP threshold, but also achieves higher IR efficiency, compared with traditional low density parity check (LDPC) code based IR method.
With the rapid improvement of quantum computing technology, quantum key distribution(QKD) is a hot technology. Information reconciliation is a key step of QKD which is useful for correcting key error. Classical message interaction is necessary in a practical information reconciliation scheme, which makes the efficiency of these protocols decreased. Therefore, some one-way information reconciliation schemes based on low-density parity-check(LDPC) codes and polar codes are proposed. Here we propose a concatenated method of IR schemes which can achieve any given error rate level without the need of interactions. Compared with the one-way IR schems based on LDPC codes and polar codes, the IR schemes based on the proposed concatenated method can get lower bit error rates after error correction, which can also reduce the communication delay and system complexity of QKD, improve the final key generation rate and enhance the practicability of QKD system.
Focusing on the problem of information leakage and communication cost in information reconciliation, this paper introduces a non-reconciliation secret Keys based transmission scheme (NASKT) for machine to machine(M2M) communications in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which uses polar codes to guarantee no error transmission. First, the improved Kalman filter preprocessing algorithm is used to reduce the quantized bit error rate (QBER). Then, QBER is modeled as the transmission bit error rate of the additional white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the polar codes are designed based on the equivalent AWGN channel and system performance requirements to guarantee the security of transmitted information. Numerical simulations verify that the secure M2M transmission scheme based on the Non-reconciliation secret Keys using polar codes can realize the One-Time Pad lightweight security.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to establish a common secret key that is information-theoretically secure by transmitting random bits that are encoded as qubits and sent over a quantum channel, followed by classical information processing steps known as information reconciliation and key extraction. Transmission of information over a quantum channel introduces errors that are generally considered to be due to the adversary's tempering with the quantum channel and needs to be corrected using classical communication over an (authenticated) public channel. Commonly used error-correcting codes in the context of QKD include cascade codes, low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, and more recently polar codes. In this work, we explore the applicability of designing of a polar code encoder based on a channel reliability sequence. We show that the reliability sequence can be derived and used to design an encoder independent of the choice of decoder. We then implement our design and evaluate its performance against previous implementations of polar code encoders for QKD as well as other typical error-correcting codes. A key advantage of our approach is the modular design which decouples the encoder and decoder design and allows independent optimization of each. Our work leads to more versatile polar code-based error reconciliation in QKD systems that would result in deployment in a broader range of scenarios.
Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables authenticated parties to share a key. Information reconciliation (IR) is a critical step of the post-processing in CV-QKD, significantly affecting the secret key rate (SKR) shared between the legitimate parties. To improve the SKR performance of the CV-QKD without increasing the key inconsistency rate (KIR), this paper proposes a twofold IR method by performing independent operations on the Gaussian modulated coherent states (GMCS) obtained over the quantum channel. Specifically, assuming reverse reconciliation, after the GMCS are quantized, Bob generates parity bits, which are shared with Alice to help her correct the inconsistent bits in the quantized bits to generate the partial key. At the same time, the parity bits are used as frozen bits of polar codes in the multidimensional reconciliation (MR) to generate the other partial key. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed twofold IR method increases the SKR nearly twice without increasing the inconsistent bits. In addition, we propose to apply symbol expansion and rotation (SER) based on the mapped GMCS to reduce the amount of information to be transmitted over the public error-free channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed twofold IR with SER method can achieve a higher SKR with 3dB performance gap to that of the traditional MR protocol.
Information reconciliation (IR) is an important step in quantum key distribution (QKD). The error correcting codes are widely used in IR, which can also be seen as error correction. But it proved that this approach contains deleting the leaked information in practical applications. Error coding is not always a guarantee of the reconciliation. It only require of the data's consistency and security. In this paper, Author proposed an improvement scheme of LDPC code on the property of reconciliation and performed some number simulations to evaluate that method. It's shown that this method would achieve a higher efficiency than the original algorithm. Therefore, this algorithm has special important meaning to the key generation.
We study the information reconciliation (IR) scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. The IR for the QKD can be seen as the asymmetric Slepian-Wolf problem, which low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can solve with efficient algorithms, i.e., the belief propagation. However, the LDPC codes are needed to be chosen properly from a collection of codes optimized for multiple key rates, which leads to complex decoder devices and performance degradation for unoptimized key rates. Therefore, it is desired that establish an IR scheme with a single LDPC code which supports multiple rates. To this end, in this paper, we propose an IR scheme with a rate-compatible non-binary LDPC code. Numerical results show the proposed scheme achieves IR efficiency comparable to the best know conventional IR scheme with lower decoding error rates.