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OptSp

Magnetic dipole transitions between Zeeman sublevels of sd configurations in strong magnetic fields

Galina Pavlovna Anisimova, R. I. Semenov, V. I. Tuchkin

Published May 1, 1996• 0 citations
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We report our study on coherent population trapping (CPT) in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration coupled by magnetic dipole interactions. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration is formed by bichromatic radio-frequency fields coupling a pair of Zeeman sublevels in one hyperfine level of an alkali-metal atom to another sublevel in the other hyperfine level. The Zeeman sublevel at the apex is coupled to a state in the $nP$ manifold via an optical transition on one of the spectroscopic $D$ lines to induce optical pumping to a dark state. The configuration is closed without leakage to other Zeeman sublevels. We use lithium atoms in an optical trap for our experimental study. The system allows independent control of the main parameters characterizing CPT, which include the upper-state decay rate and the decoherence rate as well as the Rabi frequencies. By turning off the applied fields, the system is frozen so that its quantum state can be measured precisely. We studied the line shapes and dynamics of the CPT system, and measured the phase relation of the dark superposition state to find excellent agreement with theory. The possible application of the scheme as a method to cool optically trapped atoms below the recoil limit in a manner analogous to velocity-selective coherent population trapping is discussed.

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Lasing without population inversion in ruby

Cunkai Wu, Yang Zhao

Lasing without population inversion was studied in a three-level solid state medium of ruby. The two closely-spaced lower levels are the Zeeman split sublevels of the ground state 4A2 of ruby, corresponding to M=−3/2 and M=+l/2. The transition between the lower levels is the electric dipole-forbidden. When the angle between the constant magnetic field and C-axis of ruby is 90°, the transition matrix element of the electric dipole-forbidden transition is quite large.1 A strong microwave field which operates at K-band coherently couples the two lower levels.2 Changing the constant magnetic field intensity or adjusting the frequency of the pumping microwave field, the exact resonant excitation can be established. The upper level of the lasing process is the Zeeman split sub-level M=−l/2 of 2E state. The ruby crystal, with about 0.05% chromium concentration, is placed at the center of a cylindrical cavity and cooled by liquid helium. With 500 Gauss magnetic field, the coupling microwave frequency is 13.1 Ghz and the required power is around 100 W/cm2.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations

Relativistic Magnetic-Dipole Transitions in Atoms, Ions and Psions

Joseph Sucher

Springer eBooks•Jan 1, 1977•0 citations
We report our study on coherent population trapping (CPT) in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration coupled by magnetic dipole interactions. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration is formed by bichromatic radio-frequency fields coupling a pair of Zeeman sublevels in one hyperfine level of an alkali-metal atom to another sublevel in the other hyperfine level. The Zeeman sublevel at the apex is coupled to a state in the nPnPnP manifold via an optical transition on one of the spectroscopic DDD lines to induce optical pumping to a dark state. The configuration is closed without leakage to other Zeeman sublevels. We use lithium atoms in an optical trap for our experimental study. The system allows independent control of the main parameters characterizing CPT, which include the upper-state decay rate and the decoherence rate as well as the Rabi frequencies. By turning off the applied fields, the system is frozen so that its quantum state can be measured precisely. We studied the line shapes and dynamics of the CPT system, and measured the phase relation of the dark superposition state to find excellent agreement with theory. The possible application of the scheme as a method to cool optically trapped atoms below the recoil limit in a manner analogous to velocity-selective coherent population trapping is discussed.
Based on the dressed-atom approach, we discuss a two-dimensional (2D) radio-frequency trap for neutral atoms, in which the trap potential derives from the magnetic-dipole transitions among the hyperfine Zeeman sublevels. By adjusting the detuning of the radiation from resonance, the trapping states will be changed predominantly from the bare states of m F g F >0 to other states of m F g F <0, where m F and g F are the quantum numbers of Zeeman sublevels and the Landé factor, respectively. This character contrasts finely with that of a static magnetic trap that can only trap or guide the states of m F g F >0. In comparison to the optical field, the radio-frequency trap eliminates the spontaneous emission heating of the atoms. Unlike other oscillating traps reported in the literature, the configuration of the radio-frequency trap is suitable for realization of a miniature magnetic guide.
Lasing without population inversion was studied in a three-level solid state medium of ruby. The two closely-spaced lower levels are the Zeeman split sublevels of the ground state 4A2 of ruby, corresponding to M=−3/2 and M=+l/2. The transition between the lower levels is the electric dipole-forbidden. When the angle between the constant magnetic field and C-axis of ruby is 90°, the transition matrix element of the electric dipole-forbidden transition is quite large.1 A strong microwave field which operates at K-band coherently couples the two lower levels.2 Changing the constant magnetic field intensity or adjusting the frequency of the pumping microwave field, the exact resonant excitation can be established. The upper level of the lasing process is the Zeeman split sub-level M=−l/2 of 2E state. The ruby crystal, with about 0.05% chromium concentration, is placed at the center of a cylindrical cavity and cooled by liquid helium. With 500 Gauss magnetic field, the coupling microwave frequency is 13.1 Ghz and the required power is around 100 W/cm2.