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Applied Optics

Rapid 129Xe–Rb spin-exchange rate measurement by using an atomic magnetometer

Linlin Chen, Yuan Ren

Published Apr 1, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a fast and accurate method for 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate determination based on an atomic magnetometer at low magnetic field and low pressure. The 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate can be estimated via the product of the maximum transverse spin polarization of 129 X e nuclei and the corresponding Rabi frequency. The velocity-averaged binary spin-exchange cross section and the rate constant for spin-exchange in 129 X e − R b van der Waals complexes are measured to be ⟨ σ ν ⟩ S E = ( 1.26 ± 0.13 ) × 10 − 16 c m 3 / s and κ 4 H e = 1326 ± ( 47 ) s − 1 in 4 H e buffer gas, respectively. With respect to the method based on the longitudinal relaxation rate, the method presented in this work can greatly facilitate the measurement process, determining the spin-exchange rate in several minutes. Moreover, this method is more suitable for vapor cells with long longitudinal relaxation time.

DOI
10.1364/ao.390864

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Journal of Physics D Applied Physics•Mar 31, 2026•0 citations
We propose a fast and accurate method for 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate determination based on an atomic magnetometer at low magnetic field and low pressure. The 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate can be estimated via the product of the maximum transverse spin polarization of 129 X e nuclei and the corresponding Rabi frequency. The velocity-averaged binary spin-exchange cross section and the rate constant for spin-exchange in 129 X e − R b van der Waals complexes are measured to be ⟨ σ ν ⟩ S E = ( 1.26 ± 0.13 ) × 10 − 16 c m 3 / s and κ 4 H e = 1326 ± ( 47 ) s − 1 in 4 H e buffer gas, respectively. With respect to the method based on the longitudinal relaxation rate, the method presented in this work can greatly facilitate the measurement process, determining the spin-exchange rate in several minutes. Moreover, this method is more suitable for vapor cells with long longitudinal relaxation time.
We have measured the binary spin-exchange rate coefficient for collisions between Rb and 129Xe{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe atoms at a magnetic field B=9.4TB=9.4\mathrm{T}B=9.4T and in the temperature range $160<T<200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}.$ The longitudinal spin-relaxation rate 1/T1{1/T}_{1}1/T1​ of 129Xe{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe is dominated by ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ binary collisions. We measured 1/T1{1/T}_{1}1/T1​ using the methods of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance, with no spin enhancement by optical pumping. At the high magnetic field and large gas pressures used in this work, the contribution of ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Rb}$ molecules to the spin-exchange rate was less than 0.1% of the binary-collision rate. The Rb atomic number density [Rb] was measured directly from the large Faraday rotation of the polarization of near-resonant light passing through the sample cells. The rate coefficient is $\ensuremath{\kappa}{=d(1/T}_{1})/d[\mathrm{Rb}]=(1.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}.$
We have studied the spin relaxation of 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclei due to collisions with Rb atoms at Xe pressures of 245--1817 Torr. Our results can be characterized by two parameters, the Rb${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{129}$Xe velocity-averaged binary spin-exchange cross section 〈\ensuremath{\sigma}v〉 and a rate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathit{M}}$ that characterizes spin relaxation due to van der Waals molecules. Our results complement earlier studies performed at Xe pressures of about 1 Torr and N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ pressures of 10--100 Torr. This work is useful for predicting spin-exchange rates between polarized Rb atoms and 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclei.
Spin-exchange collisions between polarized 87 Rb atoms and unpolarized 129 Xe nuclei have been used to produce nuclear spin polarized 129 Xe. Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation rate of 129 Xe nuclear polarization have been carried out in a 5.7G magnetic field. The present results show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate of 129 Xe in 87 Rb vapor is proportional to the density of the 87 Rb atoms, and the nuclear spin relaxation rates of 129 Xe induced by the 87 Rb atoms depend on the pressure of the buffer gas N 2 .
The 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb-129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe spin-exchange cross section has been measured in N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ buffered cells as a function of the N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ density using an alkali vapor magnetometer technique. The strong dependence of the spin-exchange cross section on the N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ density indicates a significant role for the Rb-Xe van der Waals molecule in the spin-exchange process. Our data have allowed us to estimate the Rb-Xe molecular formation rate, which is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The extrapolated binary spin-exchange cross-section term is found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}{\overline{V}}^{2}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ cm4{\mathrm{cm}}^{4}cm4 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
Abstract The relative spin-exchange efficiencies of Cs and Rb remain an important question in the field of hyperpolarized 129 Xe; however, direct experimental comparisons are still limited. We present measurements of the spin-exchange efficiency for 129 Xe–Cs/Rb in 129 Xe: N 2 = 1 : 50 mixtures. Under low-magnetic-field and short-lifetimes van der Waals molecular regime, we determine the spin-exchange efficiencies of 129 Xe–Cs/Rb by measuring the spin-exchange rate coefficient for 129 Xe–Cs/Rb and the Xe-induced spin-relaxation rate of Cs/Rb. Under identical gas composition and pressure conditions, the spin-exchange efficiency of Cs is approximately 1.2–1.5 times higher than Rb. We also derive an expression that enables the prediction of the spin-exchange efficiency for 129 Xe–Cs/Rb in arbitrary 129 Xe– N 2 mixtures.