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Chinese Physics Letters

Measurement of the nuclear spin relaxation of 131 Xe in 87 Rb atoms

Liu Zidong, Sun Xian-ping, Zeng Xi-zhi, Qiang He

Published Sep 1, 1990• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

131 Xe nuclear spin relaxation rate as a function of cell temperature and buffer gas pressure has been measured by Faraday rotation method. Experimental results show that spin exchange rate of 131 Xe with 87 Rb is C = 1.68 × 10 -21 m 3 s -1 , Breit-Rabi parameter is X = 4.4, and rate constant for three body formation of Van der Waals molecules is Z = 5.1 × 10 -44 m 6 s -1 .

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/7/9/002

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131 Xe nuclear spin relaxation rate as a function of cell temperature and buffer gas pressure has been measured by Faraday rotation method. Experimental results show that spin exchange rate of 131 Xe with 87 Rb is C = 1.68 × 10 -21 m 3 s -1 , Breit-Rabi parameter is X = 4.4, and rate constant for three body formation of Van der Waals molecules is Z = 5.1 × 10 -44 m 6 s -1 .
By analyzing the measured spin-relaxation transients of 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclear spins and alkali-metal-atomic spins in mixtures of alkali-metal-atom vapors, Xe gas, and larger amounts of N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ gas, we have determined the three-body formation rates and the spin-transfer probabilities for alkali- metal--noble-gas van der Waals molecules. Three parameters, in addition to the spin quantum numbers of the alkali-metal and noble-gas nuclei, are needed to predict the spin-transfer rates. These parameters, which we have determined from experimental measurements, are x=\ensuremath{\gamma}N/\ensuremath{\alpha}, the ratio of the spin-rotation interaction \ensuremath{\gamma}N to the spin-exchange interaction \ensuremath{\alpha}; p0{p}_{0}p0​, the third-body pressure for which the molecular breakup rate ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is equal to the spin-rotation frequency \ensuremath{\gamma}N/h; and Z, the three-body rate constant for forming van der Waals molecules.
We have studied the spin relaxation of 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclei due to collisions with Rb atoms at Xe pressures of 245--1817 Torr. Our results can be characterized by two parameters, the Rb${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{129}$Xe velocity-averaged binary spin-exchange cross section 〈\ensuremath{\sigma}v〉 and a rate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathit{M}}$ that characterizes spin relaxation due to van der Waals molecules. Our results complement earlier studies performed at Xe pressures of about 1 Torr and N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ pressures of 10--100 Torr. This work is useful for predicting spin-exchange rates between polarized Rb atoms and 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe nuclei.
Spin-exchange collisions between polarized 87 Rb atoms and unpolarized 129 Xe nuclei have been used to produce nuclear spin polarized 129 Xe. Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation rate of 129 Xe nuclear polarization have been carried out in a 5.7G magnetic field. The present results show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate of 129 Xe in 87 Rb vapor is proportional to the density of the 87 Rb atoms, and the nuclear spin relaxation rates of 129 Xe induced by the 87 Rb atoms depend on the pressure of the buffer gas N 2 .
We propose a fast and accurate method for 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate determination based on an atomic magnetometer at low magnetic field and low pressure. The 129 X e − R b spin-exchange rate can be estimated via the product of the maximum transverse spin polarization of 129 X e nuclei and the corresponding Rabi frequency. The velocity-averaged binary spin-exchange cross section and the rate constant for spin-exchange in 129 X e − R b van der Waals complexes are measured to be ⟨ σ ν ⟩ S E = ( 1.26 ± 0.13 ) × 10 − 16 c m 3 / s and κ 4 H e = 1326 ± ( 47 ) s − 1 in 4 H e buffer gas, respectively. With respect to the method based on the longitudinal relaxation rate, the method presented in this work can greatly facilitate the measurement process, determining the spin-exchange rate in several minutes. Moreover, this method is more suitable for vapor cells with long longitudinal relaxation time.
The 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb-129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe spin-exchange cross section has been measured in N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ buffered cells as a function of the N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ density using an alkali vapor magnetometer technique. The strong dependence of the spin-exchange cross section on the N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ density indicates a significant role for the Rb-Xe van der Waals molecule in the spin-exchange process. Our data have allowed us to estimate the Rb-Xe molecular formation rate, which is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The extrapolated binary spin-exchange cross-section term is found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}{\overline{V}}^{2}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ cm4{\mathrm{cm}}^{4}cm4 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.
By measuring the relaxation rates of the nuclear spin polarization of 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe in the presence of alkali-metal vapor at different densities, we have extracted the spin-exchange rates between 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe and the three alkali metals K, Rb, and Cs. By studying the alkali-metal--129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe spin-exchange rates as functions of the cell number density from 0.2 to 0.7 amagat, the binary collision and van der Waals molecular terms are separated, and constants governing both mechanisms are determined. The results from our work can be used to optimize the parameter space for polarizing 129Xe^{129}\mathrm{Xe}129Xe, a promising agent for magnetic resonance imaging and other applications.