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Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies

Quantum identity authentication protocol based on three‐photon quantum error avoidance code in edge computing

Zhiguo Qu, Xinzhu Liu, Shengyao Wu

Published Apr 3, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary Information security protection is always one of very significant and fundamental issues in edge computing, generally including cryptography, authentication, intrusion detection, privacy protection, and other technologies, and so forth. Quantum authentication is one of the latest extensions of authentication technology in quantum field. So far, most of the quantum identity authentication protocols proposed are based on noise‐free environments. However, due to the existence of quantum noise in quantum channels is inevitable, the noise immunity is very important to quantum identity authentication. In this article, a novel quantum identity authentication protocol based on three‐photon error avoidance code is proposed. In this protocol, quantum information is encoded on the noiseless subsystem, so the protocol can effectively resist on the interference of noise in the quantum channel to information transmission. The comprehensive analysis of antinoise performance and the security analysis on various eavesdropping attacks shows that the new protocol proposed in this article has not only good antinoise performance but also good security.

DOI
10.1002/ett.3945

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Summary Information security protection is always one of very significant and fundamental issues in edge computing, generally including cryptography, authentication, intrusion detection, privacy protection, and other technologies, and so forth. Quantum authentication is one of the latest extensions of authentication technology in quantum field. So far, most of the quantum identity authentication protocols proposed are based on noise‐free environments. However, due to the existence of quantum noise in quantum channels is inevitable, the noise immunity is very important to quantum identity authentication. In this article, a novel quantum identity authentication protocol based on three‐photon error avoidance code is proposed. In this protocol, quantum information is encoded on the noiseless subsystem, so the protocol can effectively resist on the interference of noise in the quantum channel to information transmission. The comprehensive analysis of antinoise performance and the security analysis on various eavesdropping attacks shows that the new protocol proposed in this article has not only good antinoise performance but also good security.
Quantum identity authentication is one of important techniques in quantum secure communications. So far, most of the quantum identity authentication protocols proposed are based on noise-free environments. However, due to the existence of quantum noise in quantum channels is inevitable, the noise immunity is very important to quantum identity authentication. In this paper, a novel quantum identity authentication protocol based on three-photon error avoidance code is proposed. In this protocol, quantum information is encoded on the noiseless subsystem, so the protocol can effectively resist on the interference of noise in the quantum channel to information transmission. And the comprehensive analysis of antinoise performance and the security analysis on various eavesdropping attacks shows that the new protocol proposed in this paper has not only good anti-noise performance, but also good security.
Abstract Quantum communication has been extensively studied and continuously developed due to its theoretical absolute security. In this work, a novel multiparty quantum communication protocol based on quantum stabilizer codes (QSC) is proposed. Firstly, a trusted third party provides quantum identity authentication (QIA) for users. Secondly, users prepare quantum multiparticle entangled states for transmitting secret information. Thirdly, the secret information is encoded by the QSC to resist channel noise. A part of the encoded qubits is selected to detect the security of the communication. In this protocol, QIA prevents active attacks such as impersonation attacks; the physical laws of quantum entangled state ensure information security; the theory of QSC corrects the flipping errors of qubits, and improves the communication efficiency. In addition, we prove the security of the protocol, and further verify the communication efficiency. Compared with existing protocols, this protocol has better performance on communication efficiency.
This study proposes a two-party quantum identity authentication protocol that does not require the participation of a third party. The protocol can verify the user’s identity without exposing the authentication key information, and it can be implemented with a single-photon state, which does not involve entanglement, enabling it to be combined with existing technologies. The shared key is protected by the protocol and hidden during communication, and the security of the authentication scheme is analyzed and verified under general attack. Further analysis results indicate that this protocol is secure and efficient.
In the practical distribution process of quantum key, the transmission loss and efficiency of detectors have a direct impact on the efficiency of key generation. The quantum identity authentication requires both communication sides to ensure the integrity of the authentication information. Considering the problems above, a quantum identity authentication protocol based on photon polarization rotation is proposed, in which repetition coding is used to solve the problem of transmission loss. In order to guarantee the security of protocol, random states are inserted into the adjacencies of the useful authentication quantum states. Security analysis shows that the protocol can successfully resist the intercept-resent attack and beam-splitting attack. Furthermore, a useful authentication system practicable under present technical conditions is designed. It is helpful in applications that transmission loss and detection efficiency are taken into consideration.
Abstract Multipartite quantum secure direct communication (MQSDC) enables multiple message senders to simultaneously and independently transmit secret messages to a message receiver through quantum channels without sharing keys. Existing MQSDC protocols all assume that all the communication parties are legal, which is difficult to guarantee in practical applications. In this study, a single‐photon based three‐party QSDC protocol with identity authentication is proposed. In the protocol, the message receiver first authenticates the identity of two practical message senders. Only when the identity authentication is passed, the legal message senders can encode their messages by the hyper‐encoding technology. In theory, two bits of messages can be transmitted to the message receiver in a communication round. The protocol can resist the external attack and internal attack, and guarantee the security of the transmitted messages and the identity codes of each legal message sender. The secret message capacity of the protocol is simulated with two‐decoy‐state method. The maximal communication distance between any two communication parties can reach 31.75 km with weak signal and decoy state pulses. The three‐party QSDC protocol can be extended to a general MQSDC protocol and has important application in the further practical MQSDC field.
Due to the better robustness of entangled W state,it is considered to be better qualified as information carrier for quantum information processing and quantum secure communication. Recently,many kinds of quantum direct communication protocols based on four-particle W state or three-particle asymmetric W state have been proposed. However,these protocols either have low communication efficiency or are difficult to be implemented in physics experiment. By utilizing three-particle W state and the mechanism of quantum identity authentication,a new deterministic secure quantum communication protocol was proposed. This protocol consisted of five parts: authentication code generating,quantum states preparation,quantum states distribution,eavesdropping check and identity authentication,and information communication. The two participants only needed to perform the two-particle Bell measurement,the single-particle Z-basis or X-basis measurement,and the communication efficiency was also improved: One W state can transmit one classical bit of information. The security analysis shows that the present protocol is secure against various eavesdropper Eve's attacks and impersonation attacks,so it has better security.