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EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

Enhancing physical layer security via channel feedback: a survey

Bin Dai, Chong Li, Yingbin Liang, H. Vincent Poor, Shlomo Shitz Shamai

Published Mar 5, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Physical layer security (PLS), which is based on information-theoretic principles of message confidentiality, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of using channel feedback (CF) to enhance the quality of PLS of various communication models. To be specific, the survey starts from the secret key-based CF scheme and its variations for the wiretap channel (WTC) and other communication models. Then, for the WTC and its generalized models, an improved feedback scheme and its variations are respectively introduced, where the improved scheme combines the secret key-based CF scheme with the Wyner-Ziv scheme for source coding with side information. It has been shown that these improved schemes perform better than the original secret key-based schemes for several cases. Next, the Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) feedback scheme and its variations are introduced, which are optimal for the Gaussian WTC and its variations. Finally, the already existing CF schemes are summarized and the future challenges of using CF to enhance PLS are discussed.

DOI
10.1186/s13638-020-01673-w

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arXiv:1712.04981•IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security•Jun 25, 2018•28 citations
Abstract Physical layer security (PLS), which is based on information-theoretic principles of message confidentiality, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of using channel feedback (CF) to enhance the quality of PLS of various communication models. To be specific, the survey starts from the secret key-based CF scheme and its variations for the wiretap channel (WTC) and other communication models. Then, for the WTC and its generalized models, an improved feedback scheme and its variations are respectively introduced, where the improved scheme combines the secret key-based CF scheme with the Wyner-Ziv scheme for source coding with side information. It has been shown that these improved schemes perform better than the original secret key-based schemes for several cases. Next, the Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) feedback scheme and its variations are introduced, which are optimal for the Gaussian WTC and its variations. Finally, the already existing CF schemes are summarized and the future challenges of using CF to enhance PLS are discussed.
Physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link transmission of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is modeled as the compound wiretap channel (C-WTC). Recently, it has been shown that channel feedback helps to enhance the secrecy capacity of the C-WTC, where the channel feedback is used to generate secret keys protecting the transmitted message from being eavesdropped by the eavesdropper. In this paper, we show that for the Gaussian compound wiretap channel (GC-WTC), a hybrid feedback scheme that combines the existing secret-key type feedback and a variation of the classical Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) type feedback scheme, performs better than the already existing one in the literature. The study of this paper offers a new option for the enhancement of the PLS in IoT systems.
Physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link transmission of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is modeled as the compound wiretap channel (C-WTC). Recently, it has been shown that channel feedback helps to enhance the secrecy capacity of the C-WTC, where the channel feedback is used to generate secret keys protecting the transmitted message from being eavesdropped by the eavesdropper. In this paper, we show that for the Gaussian compound wiretap channel (GC-WTC), a hybrid feedback scheme that combines the existing secret-key type feedback and a variation of the classical Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) type feedback scheme, performs better than the already existing one in the literature. The study of this paper offers a new option for the enhancement of the PLS in IoT systems.
The model of wiretap channel (WTC) is important as it constitutes the essence of physical layer security (PLS). Wiretap channel with noiseless feedback (WTC-NF) is especially interesting as it shows what can be done when a private feedback is available. The already existing secret key based feedback coding scheme focuses on generating key from the feedback and using this key to protect part of the transmitted message. It has been shown that this secret key based feedback coding scheme is only optimal for the degraded WTC-NF, and finding an optimal feedback scheme for the general WTC-NF motivates us to exploit other uses of the feedback. In this paper, a new feedback coding scheme for the general WTC-NF is proposed, where the feedback is not only used to generate key, but also used to generate help information which helps the legitimate parties to improve the communication between them. We show that the proposed new feedback scheme performs better than the already existing one, and a binary example is given to further explain the results of this paper.
In this article, a general framework for enhancing the physical layer security (PLS) in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems via channel feedback is established. To be specific, first, we study the compound wiretap channel (WTC) with feedback, which can be viewed as an ideal model for enhancing the PLS in the downlink transmission of IoT systems via feedback. A novel feedback strategy is proposed and a corresponding lower bound on the secrecy capacity is constructed for this ideal model. Next, we generalize the ideal model (i.e., the compound WTC with feedback) by considering channel states and feedback delay, and this generalized model is called the finite state compound WTC with delayed feedback. The lower bounds on the secrecy capacities of this generalized model with or without delayed channel output feedback are provided, and they are constructed according to variations of the previously proposed feedback scheme for the ideal model. Finally, from a Gaussian fading example, we show that the delayed channel output feedback enhances the achievable secrecy rate of the finite state compound WTC with only delayed state feedback, which implies that feedback helps to enhance the PLS in the downlink transmission of the IoT systems.
The current feedback coding strategy for the physical layer security (PLS) mainly focuses on generating secret key used for protecting the transmitted message, and this strategy has been proved only optimal for several degraded cases. Our previous work has proposed a new hybrid feedback strategy for the classical PLS model-the wiretap channel (WTC), where the feedback is not only used to generate key, but also used to produce cooperative information helping the legitimate parties to improve the communication between them. It has been shown that for the general WTC, this hybrid feedback strategy performs better than the already existing secret key based feedback scheme. In this paper, we extend the previous proposed feedback strategy for the WTC to a multi-terminal case, and apply this generalized feedback strategy to the broadcast channel with mutual secrecy requirement (BC-MSR), which constitutes the essence of physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link of the wireless communication systems. From a non-degraded example (Dueck-type broadcast channel), we show that for the BC-MSR, this generalized feedback strategy may perform better than the already existing one.
The model of wiretap channel (WTC) is important as it constitutes the essence of physical layer security. Recently, it has been shown that a noiseless feedback channel from the legitimate receiver to the transmitter helps to increase the secrecy capacity of the WTC. However, the present feedback strategy focuses only on generating the key from the feedback signal and using this key to protect part of the transmitted message. This secret key-based feedback strategy has been proved to be optimal only for some degraded cases. In this paper, we propose a new feedback strategy for the WTC, where the feedback signal is not only used to generate the key but also used to generate cooperative information helping the legitimate parties to improve their encoding and decoding performance. We show that the proposed new strategy performs better than the already existing one, and the results are further explained via a binary example.