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IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Enhancing Physical Layer Security in Internet of Things via Feedback: A General Framework

Bin Dai, Zheng Ma, Yuan Luo, Xuxun Liu, Zhuojun Zhuang, Ming Xiao

Published Oct 3, 2019• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this article, a general framework for enhancing the physical layer security (PLS) in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems via channel feedback is established. To be specific, first, we study the compound wiretap channel (WTC) with feedback, which can be viewed as an ideal model for enhancing the PLS in the downlink transmission of IoT systems via feedback. A novel feedback strategy is proposed and a corresponding lower bound on the secrecy capacity is constructed for this ideal model. Next, we generalize the ideal model (i.e., the compound WTC with feedback) by considering channel states and feedback delay, and this generalized model is called the finite state compound WTC with delayed feedback. The lower bounds on the secrecy capacities of this generalized model with or without delayed channel output feedback are provided, and they are constructed according to variations of the previously proposed feedback scheme for the ideal model. Finally, from a Gaussian fading example, we show that the delayed channel output feedback enhances the achievable secrecy rate of the finite state compound WTC with only delayed state feedback, which implies that feedback helps to enhance the PLS in the downlink transmission of the IoT systems.

DOI
10.1109/jiot.2019.2945503

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW)•Nov 1, 2018•1 citation
In this article, a general framework for enhancing the physical layer security (PLS) in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems via channel feedback is established. To be specific, first, we study the compound wiretap channel (WTC) with feedback, which can be viewed as an ideal model for enhancing the PLS in the downlink transmission of IoT systems via feedback. A novel feedback strategy is proposed and a corresponding lower bound on the secrecy capacity is constructed for this ideal model. Next, we generalize the ideal model (i.e., the compound WTC with feedback) by considering channel states and feedback delay, and this generalized model is called the finite state compound WTC with delayed feedback. The lower bounds on the secrecy capacities of this generalized model with or without delayed channel output feedback are provided, and they are constructed according to variations of the previously proposed feedback scheme for the ideal model. Finally, from a Gaussian fading example, we show that the delayed channel output feedback enhances the achievable secrecy rate of the finite state compound WTC with only delayed state feedback, which implies that feedback helps to enhance the PLS in the downlink transmission of the IoT systems.
Physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link transmission of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is modeled as the compound wiretap channel (C-WTC). Recently, it has been shown that channel feedback helps to enhance the secrecy capacity of the C-WTC, where the channel feedback is used to generate secret keys protecting the transmitted message from being eavesdropped by the eavesdropper. In this paper, we show that for the Gaussian compound wiretap channel (GC-WTC), a hybrid feedback scheme that combines the existing secret-key type feedback and a variation of the classical Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) type feedback scheme, performs better than the already existing one in the literature. The study of this paper offers a new option for the enhancement of the PLS in IoT systems.
Physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link transmission of Internet of Things (IoT) systems is modeled as the compound wiretap channel (C-WTC). Recently, it has been shown that channel feedback helps to enhance the secrecy capacity of the C-WTC, where the channel feedback is used to generate secret keys protecting the transmitted message from being eavesdropped by the eavesdropper. In this paper, we show that for the Gaussian compound wiretap channel (GC-WTC), a hybrid feedback scheme that combines the existing secret-key type feedback and a variation of the classical Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) type feedback scheme, performs better than the already existing one in the literature. The study of this paper offers a new option for the enhancement of the PLS in IoT systems.
Abstract Physical layer security (PLS), which is based on information-theoretic principles of message confidentiality, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of using channel feedback (CF) to enhance the quality of PLS of various communication models. To be specific, the survey starts from the secret key-based CF scheme and its variations for the wiretap channel (WTC) and other communication models. Then, for the WTC and its generalized models, an improved feedback scheme and its variations are respectively introduced, where the improved scheme combines the secret key-based CF scheme with the Wyner-Ziv scheme for source coding with side information. It has been shown that these improved schemes perform better than the original secret key-based schemes for several cases. Next, the Schalkwijk-Kailath (SK) feedback scheme and its variations are introduced, which are optimal for the Gaussian WTC and its variations. Finally, the already existing CF schemes are summarized and the future challenges of using CF to enhance PLS are discussed.
The current feedback coding strategy for the physical layer security (PLS) mainly focuses on generating secret key used for protecting the transmitted message, and this strategy has been proved only optimal for several degraded cases. Our previous work has proposed a new hybrid feedback strategy for the classical PLS model-the wiretap channel (WTC), where the feedback is not only used to generate key, but also used to produce cooperative information helping the legitimate parties to improve the communication between them. It has been shown that for the general WTC, this hybrid feedback strategy performs better than the already existing secret key based feedback scheme. In this paper, we extend the previous proposed feedback strategy for the WTC to a multi-terminal case, and apply this generalized feedback strategy to the broadcast channel with mutual secrecy requirement (BC-MSR), which constitutes the essence of physical layer security (PLS) in the down-link of the wireless communication systems. From a non-degraded example (Dueck-type broadcast channel), we show that for the BC-MSR, this generalized feedback strategy may perform better than the already existing one.
Physical layer security is an emerging technique to protect the wireless communications in the Internet of Things (IoT). Motivated by the fact that a single IoT terminal usually occupies a very small fraction of feedback resources, we propose a novel secure transmission design with feedback compression to improve the feedback resources utilization for secure communications. Specifically, we first introduce a multiperiod one-feedback (MPOF) scheme to exploit the channel temporal correlation existing in the IoT scenarios, making the IoT terminal convey its channel knowledge to the central controller in a more efficient manner. Under this MPOF scheme, we then put forward a virtual quantizer model and design a generalized fixed-rate secure on-off transmission scheme, where the central controller adaptively adjusts the transmission parameters in one feedback interval. By averaging the total secrecy throughput of one feedback interval over all the coherence periods thereof, we further characterize the secrecy throughput of our proposed transmission scheme and facilitate the joint optimization design of the feedback interval length, the wiretap codes, and the power allocation ratios. To handle this nonconvex problem, we develop an efficient approach involving the block coordinate descent algorithm and the 1-D search method. Numerical results show that when the channel temporal correlation is high, our proposed secure transmission design achieves a significantly higher secrecy throughput than the conventional design constrained by the same amount of feedback resources.
The model of wiretap channel (WTC) is important as it constitutes the essence of physical layer security (PLS). Wiretap channel with noiseless feedback (WTC-NF) is especially interesting as it shows what can be done when a private feedback is available. The already existing secret key based feedback coding scheme focuses on generating key from the feedback and using this key to protect part of the transmitted message. It has been shown that this secret key based feedback coding scheme is only optimal for the degraded WTC-NF, and finding an optimal feedback scheme for the general WTC-NF motivates us to exploit other uses of the feedback. In this paper, a new feedback coding scheme for the general WTC-NF is proposed, where the feedback is not only used to generate key, but also used to generate help information which helps the legitimate parties to improve the communication between them. We show that the proposed new feedback scheme performs better than the already existing one, and a binary example is given to further explain the results of this paper.