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Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Hannay Angles and Grassmannian Action—Angle Quantum States

Halim Lakehal, Mustapha Maamache

Published Feb 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We show how to derive the Hannay angles of Grassmannian classical mechanics from the evolution of Grassmannian action—angle quantum states. Just as in the commutative case, this evolution defines a geometric transport, which can also be obtained from a quantum canonical transformation or a variational principle. As examples, we explicitly construct the quantum states for the classical counterparts of a first-and second-quantized N-level system. In the latter case, these states reduce to standard fermionic coherent states and the classical Hannay angles coincide with the quantum Berry phases.

DOI
10.1134/s0040577920020075

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We show how to derive the Hannay angles of Grassmannian classical mechanics from the evolution of Grassmannian action—angle quantum states. Just as in the commutative case, this evolution defines a geometric transport, which can also be obtained from a quantum canonical transformation or a variational principle. As examples, we explicitly construct the quantum states for the classical counterparts of a first-and second-quantized N-level system. In the latter case, these states reduce to standard fermionic coherent states and the classical Hannay angles coincide with the quantum Berry phases.
The ``geometrical phase factor,'' found by Berry in his study of the quantum adiabatic theorem, has a classical analogue discovered recently by Hannay and Berry himself. This classical analogue consists of an extra angle swept by the system in its classical evolution during an adiabatic excursion. As in Berry's phase, Hannay's angle reflects a nontrivial holonomy of the system and it has a purely geometric character. In this paper we calculate Hannay's angles for the classical Grassmannian system associated to a quantum spin in a magnetic field. We also show their close relation to the corresponding quantum-mechanical phase of Berry for the same system.
The Berry phase, which was discovered more than two decades ago, provides very deep insight into the geometric structure of quantum mechanics. Its classical counterpart, Hannay's angle, is defined if closed curves of action variables return to the same curves in phase space after a time evolution. In this paper we study the Berry phase and Hannay's angle in a quantum-classical hybrid system under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. By the term quantum-classical hybrid system, we mean a composite system consists of a quantum subsystem and a classical subsystem. The effects of subsystem-subsystem couplings on the Berry phase and Hannay's angle are explored. The results show that the Berry phase has been changed sharply by the couplings, whereas the couplings have a small effect on the Hannay's angle.
On the basis of quantum-classical correspondence for two-dimensional anisotropic oscillator, we study quantum-classical correspondence for two-dimensional rotation and translation harmonic oscillator system from both quantum-classical orbits and geometric phases. Here, the two one-dimensional oscillators refer to a common harmonic oscillator and a rotation and translation harmonic oscillator. In terms of the generalized gauge transformation, we obtain the stationary Lissajous orbits and Hannay's angle. On the other hand, the eigenfunctions and Berry phases are derived analytically with the help of time-dependent gauge transformation. We may draw the conclusion that the nonadiabatic Berry phase in the original gauge is-n times the classical Hannay's angle, here n is the eigenfunction index. As a matter of fact, the quantum geometric phase and the classical Hannay's angle have the same nature according to Berry. Finally, by using the SU(2) coherent superposition of degenerate two-dimensional eigenfunctions for a fixed energy value, we construct the stationary wave functions and show that the spatial distribution of wave-function probability clouds is in excellent accordance with the classical orbits, indicating the exact quantum-classical correspondence. We also demonstrate the quantum-classical correspondences for the geometric phase-angle and the quantum-classical orbits in a unified form.
A new relationship between Berry’s phase and Hannay’s angle (which is its classical counterpart) is established. This relationship is exact and does not depend on semiclassical arguments, though in this note the aforementioned relationship is proved only for a restricted class of Hamiltonians. It is shown that if a Hamiltonian, for which Berry’s phase and Hannay’s angle are nonvanishing, can, in classical theory, be canonically transformed into one for which both are zero, the generating function of this canonical transformation yields, through appropriate averages, both the quantal geometrical phase and its classical analog.