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IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs

Fine-Grained Bit-Flipping Decoding for LDPC Codes

Yuxing Chen, Hangxuan Cui, Jun Ting Lin, Zhongfeng Wang

Published Mar 17, 2020• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This brief presents a novel class of hard-decision algorithms for decoding low density parity check codes. The new algorithms, named fine-grained bit-flipping (FBF) algorithms, employ a detailed classification of each bit, by introducing the XOR value of its estimated and received value as a subdividing criterion. The fine-grained classification allows the algorithms to strengthen the information utilization during each iteration. Simulation results show that the FBF algorithms can achieve up to 5 times better decoding performance than the state-of-the-art bit-flipping algorithms over the binary symmetric channel. Additionally, a well-optimized hardware architecture is developed for implementing FBF algorithms. Compared to other decoders, implementation results demonstrate that the FBF decoders achieve higher throughput and area efficiency.

DOI
10.1109/tcsii.2020.2980846

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This brief presents a novel class of hard-decision algorithms for decoding low density parity check codes. The new algorithms, named fine-grained bit-flipping (FBF) algorithms, employ a detailed classification of each bit, by introducing the XOR value of its estimated and received value as a subdividing criterion. The fine-grained classification allows the algorithms to strengthen the information utilization during each iteration. Simulation results show that the FBF algorithms can achieve up to 5 times better decoding performance than the state-of-the-art bit-flipping algorithms over the binary symmetric channel. Additionally, a well-optimized hardware architecture is developed for implementing FBF algorithms. Compared to other decoders, implementation results demonstrate that the FBF decoders achieve higher throughput and area efficiency.
In this paper, a new method for improving hard-decision bit-flipping (BF) decoding is proposed for low-density parity-check codes. The flipping criterion is derived theoretically from the soft-decision belief-propagation decoding algorithm. The proposed BF decoding algorithm is channel independent and is improved by introducing a more efficient method for computing the reliability of the parity checks. Extensive simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve about 1.5dB coding gain improvement at BER = 5×10−6while reducing up to 48% iterations for decoding and maintaining low decoding complexity, compared with the conventional weighted BF algorithm.
The Bit-Flipping (BF) algorithm is considered as a hard decoding method for LDPC codes. It is much simpler than the probabilistic methods like Sum Product Algorithm (SPA), and can be efficiently implemented by electronic circuits. In this paper, we propose a new Bit Flipping algorithm for Low-Density Parity-Check codes (LDPC) called Single Bit-Flipping (SBF). Compared to the Gallager Bit-Flipping algorithm, the proposed algorithm employs criteria of flipping single bit chosen carefully. This method eliminates the risk for flipping more than one bit at a time that can induce additional error bits and propagate the errors to the later iterations. We present some results obtained by applying this new method that provides a gain in performance in comparison to the standard Gallager Bit-Flipping with low complexity.
In order to improve the bit-flipping (BF) decoding algorithms, a weighted hard-decision based BF decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented, in which the weights of variable-nodes are employed. A new metric is defined for the weight of candidate bits not only in unsatisfied parity check equations but also in satisfied ones. The connection between min-sum decoding algorithm and the proposed algorithm is presented. Simulation results show that the new decoding algorithm can provide better FER performance and faster convergence speed than the original candidate bit based bit-flipping (CBBF) algorithm.
An improved bit-flipping(BF) algorithm with low complexity for decoding structured low-density parity-check codes(LDPC) is proposed to improve the performance of the hard-decision BF algorithm.The hard-decision bits are divided into two groups based on the magnitudes of the received symbols,and at each iteration,the proposed algorithm can flip more than one bit with using two thresholds,and the flipping error probability is effectively decreased.The improved BF algorithm requires some real number comparisons before iterations and requires only logical operations during the iterations.Compared with the weighted bit-flipping algorithm and its modifications,the new method is with significantly lower complexity.Simulations show that the proposed algorithm is provided with very fast convergence speed and excellent performance with significantly low complexity.
In this study, a new method for improving hard-decision bit-flipping (BF) decoding is proposed for low-density parity-check codes. The flipping criterion is derived theoretically from the soft-decision belief-propagation decoding algorithm. The proposed BF decoding algorithm is channel independent and is improved by introducing a more efficient method for computing the reliability of the parity checks. Extensive simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve about 1.6 dB coding gain improvement at BER=10−5 while reducing up to 53% iterations for decoding and maintaining low-decoding complexity, compared with the conventional weighted BF algorithm.
In this letter, a low complexity decoding algorithm for binary linear block codes is applied to low-density paritycheck (LDPC) codes and improvements are described, namely an extension to soft-decision decoding and a loop detection mechanism. For soft decoding, only one real-valued addition per code symbol is needed, while the remaining operations are only binary as in the hard decision case. The decoding performance is considerably increased by the loop detection. Simulation results are used to compare the performance with other known decoding strategies for LDPC codes, with the result that the presented algorithms offer excellent performances at smaller complexity.