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Scientific Reports

Optical Fredkin gate assisted by quantum dot within optical cavity under vacuum noise and sideband leakage

Min-Sung Kang, Jino Heo, Seong Gon Choi, Sung Moon, Sang-Wook Han

Published Mar 20, 2020• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a deterministic Fredkin gate which can accomplish controlled-swap operation between three-qubit states. The proposed Fredkin gate consists of a photonic system (single photon) and quantum dots (QDs) confined in single-sided cavities (two electron spin states). In our scheme, the control qubit is the polarization state of the single photon, and two electron spin states in QDs play the role of target qubits (swapped states by control qubit). The interaction between a photon and an electron of QD within the cavity (QD-cavity system) significantly affects the performance of Fredkin gate. Thus, through the analysis of the QD-cavity system under vacuum noise and sideband leakage, we demonstrate that reliable interaction and performance of the QD-cavity system with photonic state (photon) can be acquired in our scheme. Consequently, the Fredkin gate proposed in this paper can be experimentally implemented with high feasibility and efficiency.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-61938-8

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We propose a deterministic Fredkin gate which can accomplish controlled-swap operation between three-qubit states. The proposed Fredkin gate consists of a photonic system (single photon) and quantum dots (QDs) confined in single-sided cavities (two electron spin states). In our scheme, the control qubit is the polarization state of the single photon, and two electron spin states in QDs play the role of target qubits (swapped states by control qubit). The interaction between a photon and an electron of QD within the cavity (QD-cavity system) significantly affects the performance of Fredkin gate. Thus, through the analysis of the QD-cavity system under vacuum noise and sideband leakage, we demonstrate that reliable interaction and performance of the QD-cavity system with photonic state (photon) can be acquired in our scheme. Consequently, the Fredkin gate proposed in this paper can be experimentally implemented with high feasibility and efficiency.
We present some deterministic schemes to construct universal quantum gates, that is, controlled- not, three-qubit Toffoli, and Fredkin gates, between flying photon qubits and stationary electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside double-sided optical microcavities. The control qubit of our gates is encoded on the polarization of the moving single photon and the target qubits are encoded on the confined electron spins in quantum dots inside optical microcavities. Our schemes for these universal quantum gates on a hybrid system have some advantages. First, all the gates are accomplished with a success probability of 100% in principle. Second, our schemes require no additional qubits. Third, the control qubits of the gates are easily manipulated and the target qubits are perfect for storage and processing. Fourth, the gates do not require that the transmission for the uncoupled cavity is balanceable with the reflectance for the coupled cavity, in order to get a high fidelity. Fifth, the devices for the three universal gates work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, and they are feasible in experiment.
We propose an optical scheme of discrete quantum Fourier transform (DQFT) via ancillary systems using quantum dots (QDs) confined in single-sided cavities (QD-cavity systems). In our DQFT scheme, the main component is a controlled-rotation k (CRk) gate, which utilizes the interactions between photons and QDs, consisting of two QD-cavity systems. Since the proposed CRk gate can be experimentally implemented with high efficiency and reliable performance, the scalability of multi-qubit DQFT scheme can also be realized through the simple composition of the proposed CRk gates via the QD-cavity systems. Subsequently, in order to demonstrate the performance of the CRk gate, we analyze the interaction between a photon and a QD-cavity system, and then indicate the condition to be efficient CRk gate with feasibility under vacuum noise and sideband leakage.
Abstract Although universal quantum computation can be realized with two-qubit controlled-not (CNOT) gates and single-qubit rotations, it would be convenient to have resource-efficient and robust multiqubit quantum gates in practical quantum information processing. Here we present two new schemes to determinately implement three-qubit Toffoli gate and Fredkin gate on photon systems with two degrees of freedom (DOFs), assisted by charged quantum dots (QDs) inside single-sided optical microcavities. In contrast to the traditional Toffoli and Fredkin gates operating in photonic one DOF, the gates presented here with two DOFs can reduce the photon numbers required to implement the gate operations. Compared with the ones synthesized by CNOT and single-qubit gates, the present gates can reduce the complexity in experiment. Our schemes exploit the robust giant circular birefringence induced by a single-electron spin in a QD-cavity system, which do not require photon indistinguishability or photon interference as demanded by other schemes using linear optics. Moreover, additional ancillary photons are not required in the schemes. We discuss the feasibility of our schemes, concluding that they can be realized with current or near-future technologies.
We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic quantum computing on electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside single-side optical microcavities, including the CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates. They are constructed by exploiting the giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single-electron spin in a quantum dot inside a single-side optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our universal quantum gates have some advantages. First, all the gates are accomplished with a success probability of 100% in principle. Second, our schemes require no additional electron-spin qubits and they are achieved by some input-output processes of a single photon. Third, our circuits for these gates are simple and economic. Moreover, our devices for these gates work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, and they are feasible in experiment.
We propose a scheme to construct a deterministic CNOT gate on static electron-spin qubits, allowing for deterministic scalable quantum computing in solid-state systems.The excess electron confined in a charged quantum dot inside a double-sided optical microcavity represents the qubit, and the single photons play a medium role. Moreover, our device can work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, but high fidelities are achieved only when the ratio of the side leakage to the cavity loss is low. Finally, we assess the feasibility of this device and show it can be implemented with current technology.
We investigate the possibility of achieving scalable photonic quantum computing by the giant optical circular birefringence induced by a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We construct a deterministic controlled-not gate on two photonic qubits by two single-photon input-output processes and the readout on an electron-medium spin confined in an optical resonant microcavity. This idea could be applied to multi-qubit gates on photonic qubits and we give the quantum circuit for a three-photon Toffoli gate. High fidelities and high efficiencies could be achieved when the side leakage to the cavity loss rate is low. It is worth pointing out that our devices work in both the strong and the weak coupling regimes.