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Physical Review A

Stopping light using a transient Bragg grating

Tal A. Weiss, Yonatan Sivan

Published Mar 18, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We employ a recently developed optical pulse propagation formulation suitable for slow and stopped light regimes to demonstrate light stopping by a (transient) grating coupling in a toy system, which is, however, applicable to a range of wave systems. We study the complete spatiotemporal dynamics, the characteristic timescales, the coupling efficiencies, and the spectral contents of the stopped pulse. Finally, we demonstrate numerically a delay line which surpasses the delay-bandwidth limit.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.033828

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We employ a recently developed optical pulse propagation formulation suitable for slow and stopped light regimes to demonstrate light stopping by a (transient) grating coupling in a toy system, which is, however, applicable to a range of wave systems. We study the complete spatiotemporal dynamics, the characteristic timescales, the coupling efficiencies, and the spectral contents of the stopped pulse. Finally, we demonstrate numerically a delay line which surpasses the delay-bandwidth limit.
We investigate a theoretical model for a dynamic Moir\'e grating which is capable of producing slow and stopped light with improved performance when compared with a static Moir\'e grating. A Moir\'e grating superimposes two grating periods, which creates a narrow slow light resonance between two band gaps. A Moir\'e grating can be made dynamic by varying its coupling strength in time. By increasing the coupling strength the reduction in group velocity in the slow light resonance can be improved by many orders of magnitude while still maintaining the wide bandwidth of the initial, weak grating. We show that for a pulse propagating through the grating this is a consequence of altering the pulse spectrum, and therefore the grating can also perform bandwidth modulation. Finally we present a possible realization of the system via an electro-optic grating by applying a quasistatic electric field to a poled ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinear medium.
Electromagnetic pulse propagation in the slow light regime and near a zero group velocity point is relevant to a plethora of potential applications, and has analogies in numerous other wave systems. Unfortunately, the standard frequency-based formulation for pulse propagation is unsuitable for describing the dynamics in such regimes, due to the divergence of the dispersion coefficients. Moreover, in the presence of absorption, it is not clear how to interpret the propagation dynamics due to the drastic change induced by absorption upon the dispersion curves. As a remedy, we present an alternative momentum-based formulation, which is rapidly converging in these regimes, and naturally suitable for lossy and nonlinear media. It is specialized to a waveguide geometry which provides a significant simplification with respect to existing momentum-based schemes. Doing so, we provide a somewhat alternative, yet intuitive picture of the seeming enhanced absorption and nonlinear response in these regimes, and show that light-matter interactions are not enhanced in the slow/stopped light regimes.
For many applications of slow or stopped light, the delay-time-bandwidth product is a fundamental issue. However, existing slow light demonstrations do not give a satisfactory delay-time bandwidth product, especially in room temperature solids. Here we demonstrate that the use of artificial inhomogeneous broadening has the potential to solve this problem by simultaneously slow down all the frequency components of the input pulse. The proof of principle experiment was done using three-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal Ce:BaTiO3 where Bragg selection is used to provide the inhomogeneity.