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Frontiers of Physics

Light-induced frequency shifts for the lowest vibrational levels of ultracold Cs2 in the molecular pure long-range $$0_g^-$$ state

Jizhou Wu, Yuqing Li, Wenliang Liu, Jie Ma, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Mar 5, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The light-induced frequency shift (LIFS) of ultracold molecular ro-vibrational levels originates from the strong coupling of the atomic-scattering state and the bound-molecular state. In this paper, we present our experimental determination of the LIFSs of the lowest vibrational levels ( ν = 0, 1) in the purely long-range \(0_g^-\) state of ultracold cesium molecules. A high-resolution double photoassociation spectroscopy is developed, which serves as frequency ruler to measure the frequency shifts of the lowest molecular levels for Cs 2 . The experimental results are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical expectations.

DOI
10.1007/s11467-020-0951-y

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Light-induced frequency shifts for the lowest vibrational levels of ultracold Cs2 in the molecular pure long-range 0g−0_g^-0g−​ state
The light-induced frequency shift (LIFS) of ultracold molecular ro-vibrational levels originates from the strong coupling of the atomic-scattering state and the bound-molecular state. In this paper, we present our experimental determination of the LIFSs of the lowest vibrational levels ( ν = 0, 1) in the purely long-range (0_g^-) state of ultracold cesium molecules. A high-resolution double photoassociation spectroscopy is developed, which serves as frequency ruler to measure the frequency shifts of the lowest molecular levels for Cs 2 . The experimental results are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical expectations.
We report on a quantitative experimental determination of the rotational constants for the high-lying vibrational levels of the ultracold pure long-range Cesium molecules formed via photoassociation. The scheme relies on a precise reference of frequency difference in a double photoassociation spectroscopy, which is induced by two laser beams based on an acoustic-optical modulator. The rotational constants are obtained by fitting a nonrigid rotor model into the frequency intervals of the neighboring rotational levels deduced from the reference.
We experimentally present a technique for sensitively determining the laser-induced frequency shifts of the long-range molecular vibrational and rotational levels. The scheme relies on an optical frequency shifter, leading to two laser beams with a precise and adjustable frequency interval. A series of photoassociation spectra are recorded with both beams inducing molecular lines, whose peak separation provides an accurate frequency ruler to measure the frequency shifts of cesium molecular levels, which have not yet been observed in previous reports. The data are compared to theoretical predictions and show a good agreement.
The high resolution spectrum of ultracold Cs2 pure long range 0g- state is experimentally measured using modulated trap loss spectroscopic technology. Based on Double photoassociation spectroscopic technique, precise frequency difference reference signals are constructed to accurately calibrate the resonant frequency intervals of the ro-vibrational levels, thus obtaining the relationship between the frequency interval of rotational level and the rotational quantum number. The experimental data are fitted by the non-rigid rotational model, and the molecular rotational constants corresponding to different vibrational levels in the ultracold Cs2 pure long range 0g- state are acquired. The experimental results demonstrate a linear decrease of the rotational constant with the increase of vibrational quantum number, and the linear decreasing rate is -0.41m MHz0.01 MHz.
We observe light-induced frequency shifts in one-color photoassociative spectra of magnetically trapped 4 He* atoms in the metastable 2 3 S 1 state. A pair of ultracold spin-polarized 2 3 S 1 helium atoms is excited into a molecular bound state in the purely long-range 0 u + potential connected to the 2 3 S 1 -2 3 P 0 asymptote. The shift arises from the optical coupling of the molecular excited bound state with the scattering states and the bound states of two colliding 2 3 S 1 atoms. We measure the frequency-shifts for several ro-vibrational levels in the 0 u + potential and find a linear dependence on the photoassociation laser intensity. Comparison with a theoretical analysis provides a good indication for the s -wave scattering length a of the quintet ( 5 Σ g + ) potential, a = 7.2 ± 0.6 nm, which is significantly lower than most previous results obtained by non-spectroscopic methods.
We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs2{}_{2}2​ 0${}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ ns and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ ns of the 6p2P1/2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}p2P1/2​and 6p2P3/2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}p2P3/2​atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.