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Physical Review A

Experimental observation of the lowest levels in the photoassociation spectroscopy of the 0 g− purely-long-range state of Cs 2

Yichi Zhang, Jie Ma, Jizhou Wu, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Mar 12, 2013• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs${}_{2}$ 0${}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ ns and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ ns of the 6$p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$and 6$p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}$atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.030503

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We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs2{}_{2}2​ 0g\ensuremath−{}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}g\ensuremath−​ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes \ensuremathτ3/2=30.41\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.06{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\ensuremathτ3/2​=30.41\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.06 ns and \ensuremathτ1/2=34.81\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.07{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07\ensuremathτ1/2​=34.81\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.07 ns of the 6p2P1/2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}p2P1/2​and 6p2P3/2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}p2P3/2​atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient C6=6852\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi25{C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25C6​=6852\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi25 a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.
We have performed high precision photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium gas. Using trap-loss fluorescence detection and controlling the background cesium pressure we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules with large detunings up to 56 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2)) + Cs(6P(1/2)) atomic asymptote. Vibrational progressions are assigned to 0(g)(-), 0(u)(+), and 1(g) long-range states. By fitting the spectral data to the LeRoy-Bernstein expression, the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interactions and the vibrational quantum number at dissociation are obtained. In addition we have observed spectral perturbations between states of the same symmetry belonging to different asymptotes (6P(1/2) and 6P(3/2)). The perturbations are manifested through irregular vibrational level spacings and are especially pronounced in the 0(u)(+) symmetry. Many observed rotational levels indicate d- and higher partial wave contributions to the photoassociation cross section in the presence of trapping laser light, while spectral regions with only weak features suggest nodes in the lower state wave functions corresponding to the two ground state atoms asymptote.
Light-induced frequency shifts for the lowest vibrational levels of ultracold Cs2 in the molecular pure long-range 0g−0_g^-0g−​ state
The light-induced frequency shift (LIFS) of ultracold molecular ro-vibrational levels originates from the strong coupling of the atomic-scattering state and the bound-molecular state. In this paper, we present our experimental determination of the LIFSs of the lowest vibrational levels ( ν = 0, 1) in the purely long-range 0g−0_g^-0g−​ state of ultracold cesium molecules. A high-resolution double photoassociation spectroscopy is developed, which serves as frequency ruler to measure the frequency shifts of the lowest molecular levels for Cs 2 . The experimental results are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical expectations.
We report on a quantitative experimental determination of the rotational constants for the high-lying vibrational levels of the ultracold pure long-range Cesium molecules formed via photoassociation. The scheme relies on a precise reference of frequency difference in a double photoassociation spectroscopy, which is induced by two laser beams based on an acoustic-optical modulator. The rotational constants are obtained by fitting a nonrigid rotor model into the frequency intervals of the neighboring rotational levels deduced from the reference.
Rovibrational levels (v=0--30) of the ${0}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ``pure long-range'' state of 39K2^{39}\mathrm{K}_{2}39K2​ are observed by photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold potassium atoms prepared in a high-density magneto-optical trap. The measured molecular binding energies are used to precisely determine the long-range dipole-dipole potential constant ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$ of the K(4s)+K(4p) asymptote and the radiative lifetime of the 4p state. We determine ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$=-5.456(9) zJ nm3{\mathrm{nm}}^{3}nm3 (-8.445(14) a.u.), \ensuremath{\tau}(42{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P3/2{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}P3/2​)=26.34(5) ns, and \ensuremath{\tau}(42{\mathrm{}}^{2}2P1/2{\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}P1/2​)=26.69(5) ns. Our result is a significant improvement in precision over previous lifetime measurements and agrees well with the recent fast-beam experiment [U. Volz and H. Schmoranzer, Phys. Scr. T65, 48 (1996)].
High-resolution photoassociation spectroscopy is reported using a modulation spectroscopy technology in a cesium atomic magneto-optical trap. The two lowest vibrational levels have been experimentally observed which have been theo- retically predicted in [Phys. Rev. A 75 052501 （2007）]. A new potential curve is obtained by using the Rydberg-Klein-Ress method with a well depth of -82,384 ＋ 0,026 cm-1, which is deeper than the result of previous experiment （-77.909 cm-1） and the theoretical prediction （-81.6445 cm- l ）.
A reexamination of the photoassociation spectrum of the external well of the ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ potential of Cs2{\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}Cs2​ converging to the (6s1∕2+6p3∕2)(6{s}_{1∕2}+6{p}_{3∕2})(6s1∕2​+6p3∕2​) limit is performed, in order to resolve inconsistencies arising from a previously published paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1408 (2000)]. We use the same analytical description of the potential as in an other previous analysis [Phys. Rev. A 66, 052506 (2002)], but we make a shift of 2 in the assignment of the observed vibrational lines. The agreement between experimental and calculated energy positions is improved and the intensities calculated using the new potential account well for all available data. The fitting procedure reveals a strong interdependence of the parameters of the model, which limits the accuracy of the determination of the radiative lifetimes of the 6p2P1∕26{p}^{2}{P}_{1∕2}6p2P1∕2​ and 6p2P3∕26{p}^{2}{P}_{3∕2}6p2P3∕2​ atomic levels. Only a more precise experimental study could allow one to improve the determination of these lifetime values.