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Globecom

Physical Layer Security of OFDM Communication Using Artificial Pilot Noise

Jinli Wu, Ronghui Hou, Xixiang Lv, King‐Shan Lui, Hui Li, Bo Sun

Published Dec 1, 2019• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The physical layer security of OFDM communication systems is getting more and more attention. Protecting the channel from eavesdroppers has received some attention. Artificial noise is generally considered to utilize the null space of the intended receiver's channel to interfere with the eavesdropper's channel, but it may not be able to defend against passive eavesdroppers. In this paper, a novel anti-eavesdropping OFDM system is proposed by using artificial pilot noise. Pilots play an important role in demodulating OFDM signal. In our proposed scheme, an auxiliary device called Helper would generate noise signals that overlap on the pilots sent by the user terminal. With the knowledge of the signals sent by the Helper, the receiver can decode the user terminal signal but eavesdroppers cannot. This would prevent eavesdroppers from overhearing the information transmitted between the user terminal and the receiver, so as to provide a secure communication for the user terminal. Finally, we use wireless open access research platform (WARP) v3 to test the feasibility and security of the scheme in practice. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can provide a secure communication in the environments with passive eavesdroppers.

DOI
10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013183

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The physical layer security of OFDM communication systems is getting more and more attention. Protecting the channel from eavesdroppers has received some attention. Artificial noise is generally considered to utilize the null space of the intended receiver's channel to interfere with the eavesdropper's channel, but it may not be able to defend against passive eavesdroppers. In this paper, a novel anti-eavesdropping OFDM system is proposed by using artificial pilot noise. Pilots play an important role in demodulating OFDM signal. In our proposed scheme, an auxiliary device called Helper would generate noise signals that overlap on the pilots sent by the user terminal. With the knowledge of the signals sent by the Helper, the receiver can decode the user terminal signal but eavesdroppers cannot. This would prevent eavesdroppers from overhearing the information transmitted between the user terminal and the receiver, so as to provide a secure communication for the user terminal. Finally, we use wireless open access research platform (WARP) v3 to test the feasibility and security of the scheme in practice. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can provide a secure communication in the environments with passive eavesdroppers.
This paper considers the problem of physical layer security of a wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. We first develop a transmit filter-aided secure OFDM system scheme which can disturb eavesdropper's receptions by destroying the orthogonality of OFDM signals at the eavesdropper, while the quality of legitimate transmission is maintained. Then, in an effort to further improve the security performance, we also propose an artificial noise (AN)-aided secure OFDM system associated with the transmit filter-aided approach. AN is generated in the null space of the legitimate channel by making use of residual power after power allocation for subcarriers. Therefore, AN can only disrupt eavesdropper's receptions but not affect legitimate receiver. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed transmit filter and AN-aided physical layer security designs in the OFDM wiretap system.
One benefit of 5G network deployment relates to the smaller size of cells allowing low latency and increased users capacity. The downside is that the potential eavesdroppers could be closer to the victim making the security more challenging. So it is clear the need for enhanced privacy protection in the next generation communications systems even for low power/low complexity IoT devices. The last few years there are numerous research efforts to enhance transmitted information security with complementary techniques that operate in physical layer. In this paper we propose a physical layer scheme that complements the security schemes implemented in the upper layers or/and in the physical layer. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the pilot subcarriers that are part of an OFDM transmission. Pilot subcarriers are essential for the pilot channel estimation process performed at the receiver. In conventional OFDM systems the positions of pilot subcarriers are known. In this paper we propose the positions of the subcarriers to change on every OFDM symbol following a probability distribution known only to the legitimate transmitter and legitimate receiver. This puts a passive eavesdropper at a relative disadvantage compared to a legitimate receiver, because it does not know the position of the pilot subcarriers. To evaluate the security performance of the proposed scheme the secrecy capacity and the outage probability are used as metrics.
Physical layer security has been considered as an important security approach in wireless communications to protect legitimate transmission from passive eavesdroppers. This paper investigates the physical layer security of a wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system in the presence of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper. We first propose a transmit-filter-assisted secure MIMO-OFDM system which can destroy the orthogonality of eavesdropper's signals. Our proposed transmit filter can disturb the reception of eavesdropper while maintaining the quality of legitimate transmission. Then, we propose another artificial noise (AN)-assisted secure MIMO-OFDM system to further improve the security of the legitimate transmission. The time-domain AN signal is designed to disturb the reception of eavesdropper while the legitimate transmission will not be affected. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the security performance of the proposed transmit filter design and AN-assisted scheme in the MIMO-OFDM system.
Owing to the openness of wireless channels, ensuring the security of communication for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems faces severe challenges. For the massive MIMO system in the presence of a full-duplex (FD) multi-antenna eavesdropper, a dual artificial-noise (AN) injection scheme is proposed to enhance communication security in this paper. Specifically, AN is superimposed onto the transmitted pilot signals to interfere with the eavesdropper from estimating the legitimate user channel in pilot training phases. In the phase of data transmission, the AN generated in the null space of the legitimate user is introduced to prevent the eavesdropper from receiving the confidential messages. Meanwhile, an iterative optimization algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signals and the AN for the potential countermeasures taken by the eavesdropper. Numerical results are presented to validate the superior performance of the proposed scheme in security ensurance compared to the conventional ones with AN injection schemes.
In the physical layer security (PLS), the beam forming with multiple antennas enhances the received signal power at the legitimate user but suppresses it at the other users. The other users hardly demodulate the information without the bit error. However, if the channel state between the legitimate user and the other one is highly correlated, it is possible for the other users to demodulate the information signal. This paper proposes the novel secure communication system with utilizing the artificial noise and the relay station. When the legitimate user emits the artificial noise, the relay station receives the information bearing signal and the artificial noise. The other users cannot demodulate the information due to the interference of artificial noise. After the relay forwards the combined signal between the information bearing signal and the artificial noise to the legitimate user, the artificial noise is removed from the forwarded signal by the legitimate user. As a result, the legitimate user can demodulate the information. Therefore, the secure wireless communication can be constructed. This paper evaluates the secure capacity for the various location of eavesdropper and clarifies the validity of proposed system.
This paper proposes a new physical layer security scheme for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems under the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In the proposed scheme, the base station (BS) assumes a nonexistent receiver and its corresponding channel responses arbitrarily. Such a receiver and channels are called the imaginary receiver and the imaginary channels in this paper, respectively. By generating a precoding matrix in consideration of the arbitrary imaginary channels, an eavesdropper cannot obtain the precoding matrix used at transmission. Therefore, the eavesdropper cannot demodulate the received signals. Simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme achieves a higher secrecy rate than the well-known schemes that use artificial noise and artificial fast fading.