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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II

Quantum-enhanced sensing in the real world: Multiple parameters & fault tolerance

Animesh Datta

Published Feb 25, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Achieving quantum-enhanced sensing in high-level applications in the real-world has proven to be challenging. High-level applications typically involve the simultaneous quantum sensing of multiple parameters. We highlight some recent advances and open problems in this area. Quantum-enhanced sensing in the real world is incumbent on tackling decoherence. We discuss how fault-tolerant quantum metrology can pave the path for quantumenhanced sensing in the real world.

DOI
10.1117/12.2552559

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Achieving quantum-enhanced sensing in high-level applications in the real-world has proven to be challenging. High-level applications typically involve the simultaneous quantum sensing of multiple parameters. We highlight some recent advances and open problems in this area. Quantum-enhanced sensing in the real world is incumbent on tackling decoherence. We discuss how fault-tolerant quantum metrology can pave the path for quantumenhanced sensing in the real world.
This paper investigates the potential of multi-parameter quantum state control for enhancing the performance of quantum sensors. The core claim centers on leveraging precisely controlled quantum states to achieve highly accurate measurements of multiple physical parameters simultaneously. The proposed mechanism involves manipulating quantum states with multiple parameters, allowing for correlated measurements and improved sensitivity. This work explores theoretical frameworks and outlines a strategy for developing quantum sensors that benefit from this approach. The paper focuses on the design principles and challenges associated with implementing such a system, emphasizing the role of quantum entanglement and coherence in achieving high precision. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate how multi-parameter quantum state control can unlock new possibilities for quantum sensing applications, particularly in areas demanding simultaneous measurement of diverse physical quantities. This research contributes to the growing field of quantum sensing by proposing a novel method that could significantly improve sensor accuracy and expand its capabilities.
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in understating the limitations imposed by quantum noise in precision measurements and devising techniques to reduce it. The attention is currently turning to the simultaneously estimation of several parameters of interest, driven by its promising potential across a wide range of sensing applications as well as fueled by experimental progress in various optical and atomic platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of key research directions in multiparameter quantum sensing and metrology, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. We introduce the basic framework, discuss ultimate sensitivity bounds, optimal measurement strategies, and the role of quantum incompatibility, showing important differences with respect to single-parameter estimation. Additionally, we discuss emerging experimental implementations in distributed quantum sensing, including cutting-edge optimization techniques. This review aims to bridge the gap between theory and experiments, paving the way for the next-generation of quantum sensors and their integration with other quantum technologies.
In practical applications like quantum sensing and quantum imaging, there is often a necessity to estimate multiple parameters simultaneously. Although the ultimate precision limits for single-parameter estimation are well established, the precision limit of multi-parameter estimation is much less understood. This is primarily due to the inherent incompatibility of the optimal strategies for the estimation of different parameters, particularly those pertaining to optimal control.In this study, we tackle the critical issue of control incompatibility in multi-parameter estimation by presenting explicit cases that expose this challenge. Our research not only pioneers the exploration of control incompatibility but also highlights its pivotal role in the field. Furthermore, our work offers valuable insights into how to minimize trade-offs induced by control incompatibility and enhance precision. This paves the way for future investigations into control strategies that enable optimal estimation of multiple parameters that are incompatible.
Quantum technologies have made impressive progress over the past decade. In some areas, such as quantum sensing and key distribution, these technologies are moving from the laboratory to enable real-world applications. However, for areas such as quantum computing, entanglement-enhanced sensing, and a global quantum internet, we are in an equivalent of the early transistor age, and hardware breakthroughs are required in multiple arenas to reach the performance necessary for the envisioned applications. In this Review, we assess the current state of the art of quantum information hardware and identify key challenges and opportunities ahead. We draw inspiration from the history of scaling and development of classical electronics and photonics to anticipate progress in the field.