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SPIE Silicon Photonics

A compact structure for realizing electromagnetically induced transparency in a microring resonator

Fahad Mumtaz Malik, Muhammad Favad Qadir, Aftab Hussain, Muhammad Zakwan, Waleed Tahir

Published Feb 26, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel compact structure with EIT-like spectrum by introducing two partial reflectors (silica holes) symmetrically placed within the microring resonator (MRR). The two Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonating cavities created by the silica holes, coupled with microring’s resonance modes, show EIT-like lineshapes spaced by free spectral range of MRR. The FWHM of EIT-like spectrum can be controlled by tuning the radii of the silica holes. Analytical results from the developed mathematical model and 3D FDTD simulations were found to be in good agreement with each other.

DOI
10.1117/12.2544682

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Optics Express•Dec 5, 2017•43 citations
We propose a novel compact structure with EIT-like spectrum by introducing two partial reflectors (silica holes) symmetrically placed within the microring resonator (MRR). The two Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonating cavities created by the silica holes, coupled with microring’s resonance modes, show EIT-like lineshapes spaced by free spectral range of MRR. The FWHM of EIT-like spectrum can be controlled by tuning the radii of the silica holes. Analytical results from the developed mathematical model and 3D FDTD simulations were found to be in good agreement with each other.
We propose and demonstrate an on-chip coupling resonant system to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect and Fano resonance on silicon platform. It is composed of a microring resonator (MRR) and two cascaded Sagnac-loop mirrors (SLMs) assisted Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity on silicon-on-insulator. According to the coupling conditions of the MRR, two cases are studied theoretically. When the MRR is over coupling, EIT-like transmission can be observed. In contrast, Fano resonances can be generated by the condition of under coupling. In the experiment, the add-drop MRR is under coupling, leading to a sharp asymmetric line shape for Fano resonance. The resonance wavelength of the MRR can be dynamically tuned based on thermal-optic effects by tuning the micro-heater. The experiment results show Fano resonances with maximum extinction ratio (ER) of 23.22 dB and maximum slope rate (SR) of 252 dB/nm. Moreover, the wavelength of Fano resonance can be shifted widely with a tuning efficiency of 0.2335 nm/mW.
Abstract To accommodate different application requirements, resonances of microring resonator (MRR)-based devices have been developed into various lineshapes, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, electromagnetically induced absorption, and Fano lineshapes. However, these lineshapes are mainly achieved in large-footprint structures demanding precise control. Under such context, this work investigates the formation of various resonance lineshapes in a single MRR with two partially reflecting elements incorporated into the bus waveguide. The transfer matrix model of the compact structure is established with the reflective wave in the MRR included. It is revealed that the abundant resonance lineshapes originate from the mode-coupling between the Fabry–Perot cavity and the MRR. Based on this model, the formation of each resonance lineshape is analyzed. The conditions under which each resonance lineshape can occur are identified and the characteristics of these resonance lineshapes are studied. In addition, the significant role of the reflective wave in the formation of these lineshapes is emphasized. Under the theoretical guidance of the presented work, various resonance lineshapes can be achieved and designed flexibly in a single MRR. Thus, the lineshapes required for a range of applications can be realized in a simple and reproducible MRR.
An all-pass microring-Bragg gratings (APMR-BG) based coupling resonant system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission for the first time. The coupling between two light path ways in the micro-ring resonator and the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by two sections of Bragg gratings gives rise to the EIT-like spectrum. This system has the advantage of a small footprint consisting of only one microring resonator and one bus waveguide with Bragg gratings. It also has a large fabrication tolerance as the overlap requirement between the resonance wavelengths of the microring and the F-P resonator is more relaxed. The two most important properties of the EIT-like transmission namely the insertion loss (IL) and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) have been analytically investigated by utilizing the specially developed model based on the transfer matrix method. The APMR-BG based coupling resonant system was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The EIT-like transmission with an extinction ratio (ER) of 12 dB, a FWHM of 0.077 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) of 20200 was achieved, which agree well with the simulated results based on our numerical model. A slow light with a group delay of 38 ps was also obtained.
An all-optical realization scheme of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a single silicon optomechanical microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the strong mechanical Kerr effect and well-designed microring resonator, two modes with a resonant frequency separation of 292 GHz (2.35 nm) can be tuned into resonance when the control power is about 4.3 µW, and the EIT spectrum is achieved. Our work provides a constructive solution for realizing EIT in a single microcavity with a low mode density. Furthermore, this device is fully integrated on-chip and compatible with current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing and has great potential in applications such as light storage, optical sensing, and quantum optics.
A microring resonator consists of a ring side-coupled to a bus waveguide, where the light exchange is achieved by means of evanescent coupling mechanism.It is a strong candidate for integrated optics due to its advantage of compact size, cascadable input/output ports, and the compatibility of CMOS fabrication.The microring resonator can be used to create many interesting phenomena that are difficult to obtain in other classical configurations.This thesis focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental realization of induced transparency in optical devices derived from ring resonators.In this thesis, I propose a ring-bus-ring Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RBRMZI) system based on a 3×3 coupler, and show that such a system can generate an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectrum via phase engineering facilitated by interpathways interference between RBR and MZI, instead of separate light interaction in two resonators alone.Both the transfer matrix formalism and the temporal coupled mode theory are investigated to model this induced transparency.The relationship between the two theories is obtained via the energy-conservation and Q-factors.In addition, the EIT-like spectrum in the RBRMZI is experimentally realized using silicon-oninsulator technology.The best RBRMZI device has a transparency with a bandwidth of 0.25nm, a free spectral range of 12nm and a Q-factor of ~6300.With further measurements of the devices having strong ring-bus coupling, we obtain a Q~18000 when the circumference of one ring is 43.4μm and the circumference of the other ring is slightly detuned by ~0.035%.Moreover, we achieve a roundtrip loss as small as ~0.5% of the input energy.The measurement results agree well with theoretical prediction and 2D-FDTD numerical calculations.
We comprehensively simulate and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to generate tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a fully integrated silicon photonics circuit. It can also generate tunable fast and slow light. The circuit is a single ring resonator with two integrated tunable reflectors inside, which form an embedded Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity inside the ring cavity. The mode of the FP cavity can be controlled by tuning the reflections using integrated thermo-optic tuners. Under correct tuning conditions, the interaction of the FP mode and the ring resonance mode will generate a Fano resonance and an EIT response. The extinction ratio and bandwidth of the EIT can be tuned by controlling the reflectors. Measured group delay proves that both fast light and slow light can be generated under different tuning conditions. A maximum group delay of 1100 ps is observed because of EIT. Pulse advance around 1200 ps is also demonstrated.