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High-retrieval efficiency quantum memory for the quantum internet

László Gyöngyösi, Sándor Imre

Published Feb 28, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum memories are a fundamental of any global-scale quantum Internet, since these units are necessary for guaranteeing an optimal performance in a high-performance quantum networking scenario. The main problem of quantum memories is the low retrieval efficiency of the systems from the registers of the quantum memory. Here, we define a novel quantum memory called high-retrieval-efficiency (HRE) quantum memory for the quantum Internet. An HRE quantum memory unit integrates local unitary operations on its hardware level for the optimization of the readout procedure and utilizes the advanced techniques of quantum machine learning. The local unitaries of an HRE quantum memory achieve the optimization of the readout procedure in an unsupervised manner without the use of any labeled data or training sequences. The HRE quantum memory is a particularly convenient unit for the construction of a powerful, global-scale quantum Internet.

DOI
10.1117/12.2543798

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Quantum memories are a fundamental of any global-scale quantum Internet, since these units are necessary for guaranteeing an optimal performance in a high-performance quantum networking scenario. The main problem of quantum memories is the low retrieval efficiency of the systems from the registers of the quantum memory. Here, we define a novel quantum memory called high-retrieval-efficiency (HRE) quantum memory for the quantum Internet. An HRE quantum memory unit integrates local unitary operations on its hardware level for the optimization of the readout procedure and utilizes the advanced techniques of quantum machine learning. The local unitaries of an HRE quantum memory achieve the optimization of the readout procedure in an unsupervised manner without the use of any labeled data or training sequences. The HRE quantum memory is a particularly convenient unit for the construction of a powerful, global-scale quantum Internet.
Quantum memories are a fundamental of any global-scale quantum Internet, high-performance quantum networking and near-term quantum computers. A main problem of quantum memories is the low retrieval efficiency of the quantum systems from the quantum registers of the quantum memory. Here, we define a novel quantum memory called high-retrieval-efficiency (HRE) quantum memory for near-term quantum devices. An HRE quantum memory unit integrates local unitary operations on its hardware level for the optimization of the readout procedure and utilizes the advanced techniques of quantum machine learning. We define the integrated unitary operations of an HRE quantum memory, prove the learning procedure, and evaluate the achievable output signal-to-noise ratio values. We prove that the local unitaries of an HRE quantum memory achieve the optimization of the readout procedure in an unsupervised manner without the use of any labeled data or training sequences. We show that the readout procedure of an HRE quantum memory is realized in a completely blind manner without any information about the input quantum system or about the unknown quantum operation of the quantum register. We evaluate the retrieval efficiency of an HRE quantum memory and the output SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). The results are particularly convenient for gate-model quantum computers and the near-term quantum devices of the quantum Internet.
Single photons are the flying qubits of choice for distributing entanglement in a quantum internet. Quantum memories embedded in quantum repeaters are crucial to overcome transmission loss and enhance the rate of quantum communication. A multimode memory can further boost the channel capacity. However, benchmarking and building a practical quantum memory that simultaneously optimizes multiple performance metrics poses two key challenges. Here, we introduce quantum interconnect rate to comprehensively quantify quantum memories, and further demonstrate a high-performance quantum memory that simultaneously integrates three essential criteria at once: large multimode capacity, high efficiency, and high fidelity. Operating on 11-dimensional spatial modes, our memory achieves a uniform efficiency exceeding 80% and qubit storage fidelities above 99%, enabling the efficient storage of high-dimensional qudits. Based on these capabilities, we estimate a distribution of 3.56 bits of quantum information over a 1000-km repeater link in one minute, highlighting a practical pathway toward scalable quantum interconnects and quantum networks.
Quantum memory, which maps photonic quantum information into a stationary medium and retrieves it at a chosen time, plays a vital role in the advancement of quantum information science. In particular, the scalability of a quantum memory is a central challenge for quantum network that can be overcome by using integrated devices. Quantum memory with an integrated device is highly appealing since it not only expands the number of memories to increase data rates, but also offers seamless compatibility with other on-chip devices and existing fiber network, enabling scalable and convenient applications. Over the past few decades, substantial efforts have been dedicated to achieving integrated quantum memory using rare earth ions doped solid-state materials, color centers, and atomic gases. These physical platforms are the primary candidates for such devices, where remarkable advantages have been demonstrated in achieving high-performance integrated quantum memory, paving the way for efficiently establishing robust and scalable quantum network with integrated quantum devices. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of integrated quantum memory, encompassing its background and significance, advancement with bulky memory system, fabrication of integrated device, and its memory function considering various performance metrics. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with integrated quantum memory and explore its potential applications. By analyzing the current state of the field, this review will make a valuable contribution by offering illustrative examples and providing helpful guidance for future achievements in practical integrated quantum memory.
Quantum memories enabling the storage of an input photonic qubit and its later retrieval with a fidelity beating any classical device constitute essential components in quantum communication networks and optical quantum information processing [1]. Our main goal is to develop a new generation of memories which have a near-unity efficiency for storage-and-retrieval operations, as well as high multiplexing capabilities. In the recent years, we demonstrated for instance the implementation for quantum bits encoded in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom, which provides an essential capability for future networks with multimode capability [2]. We also realized multiple-degree-of-freedom memory, which can find applications in classical data processing but also in quantum network scenarios where states structured in phase and polarization have been shown to provide promising attributes [3].
Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Solid-state quantum memories can provide broadband storage, but they primarily suffer from low storage efficiency. We use passive optimization and machine learning techniques to demonstrate nearly a 6-fold enhancement in quantum memory efficiency. In this regime, we demonstrate coherent and single-photon-level storage with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The optimization technique presented here can be applied to most solid-state quantum memories to significantly improve the storage efficiency without compromising the memory bandwidth.
Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Solid-state quantum memories can provide broadband storage, but they primarily suffer from low storage efficiency. We use passive optimization and machine learning techniques to demonstrate more than 6-fold enhancement in quantum memory efficiency. In this regime, we demonstrate coherent and single-photon-level storage with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The optimization technique presented here can be applied to most solid-state quantum memories to significantly improve the storage efficiency without compromising the memory bandwidth.