We present a consistent picture of the recent JILA experiments on the collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [E. A. Donley, et al., Nature 412, 295 (2001)] based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation that incorporates the effect of a three-body loss. The questions we address in this paper are: (1) Why does a BEC survive, albeit partially, after the collapse? (2) Why does the number of the remnant BEC atoms observed at JILA exceed the critical value? (3) What is the origin of the atom burst? (4) What is the origin of the atom jet and is it coherent? We review our predictions on pattern formation in the course of collapse and on the split instability of vortices that can test our collapsing theory.We present a consistent picture of the recent JILA experiments on the collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [E. A. Donley, et al., Nature 412, 295 (2001)] based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation that incorporates the effect of a three-body loss. The questions we address in this paper are: (1) Why does a BEC survive, albeit partially, after the collapse? (2) Why does the number of the remnant BEC atoms observed at JILA exceed the critical value? (3) What is the origin of the atom burst? (4) What is the origin of the atom jet and is it coherent? We review our predictions on pattern formation in the course of collapse and on the split instability of vortices that can test our collapsing theory.

arXiv:cond-mat/0305242Journal of the Physical Society of JapanJan 1, 200324 citations

Bose-Einstein condensation in recent experiments

M. Fukuda

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 20000 citations

Finite-Temperature Collective Excitation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Maxim Olshanii

We derive a simple formula for the finite-temperature shifts of the collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate. To test the validity of our treatment we apply it to explain the anomalous behavior of the ``m=2'' excitation frequency in the recent JILA experiments (D. S. Jin et al, PRL, 78 (1997) 764), where this frequency does not approach its ``noninteracting'' value at $ω= 2 ω_ρ$ but, instead, decreases with temperature. It turns out that the effect is mainly governed by a resonance between the condensate excitation frequency and one of the quantum eigenfrequencies of the thermal cloud. Comparison of our predictions with the JILA experimental data shows a good agreement.We derive a simple formula for the finite-temperature shifts of the collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate. To test the validity of our treatment we apply it to explain the anomalous behavior of the ``m=2'' excitation frequency in the recent JILA experiments (D. S. Jin et al, PRL, 78 (1997) 764), where this frequency does not approach its ``noninteracting'' value at $ω= 2 ω_ρ$ but, instead, decreases with temperature. It turns out that the effect is mainly governed by a resonance between the condensate excitation frequency and one of the quantum eigenfrequencies of the thermal cloud. Comparison of our predictions with the JILA experimental data shows a good agreement.

arXiv:cond-mat/9807412Jul 30, 19982 citations

Researchers Put a New Spin on Bose–Einstein Condensates

Barbara Goss Levi

The earliest experiments on gaseous Bose–Einstein condensates established that they are coherent collections of atoms, all described by a single wavefunction—just like the known superfluids, liquid helium-4 and superconductors. It was natural to wonder if they would also exhibit some of the behavior that is so characteristic of those larger-scale Bose condensates, such as quantized circulation (vortices) or frictionless flow. Many theorists have proffered ideas on how one would produce vortices in a Bose–Einsten condensate and what their properties might be. One of those ideas has now been experimentally realized. The approach was suggested by James Williams and Murray Holland of JILA and implemented by their experimental colleagues there. (JILA is a jointly operated lab of the University of Colorado at Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Williams is now at the University of Toronto.)The earliest experiments on gaseous Bose–Einstein condensates established that they are coherent collections of atoms, all described by a single wavefunction—just like the known superfluids, liquid helium-4 and superconductors. It was natural to wonder if they would also exhibit some of the behavior that is so characteristic of those larger-scale Bose condensates, such as quantized circulation (vortices) or frictionless flow. Many theorists have proffered ideas on how one would produce vortices in a Bose–Einsten condensate and what their properties might be. One of those ideas has now been experimentally realized. The approach was suggested by James Williams and Murray Holland of JILA and implemented by their experimental colleagues there. (JILA is a jointly operated lab of the University of Colorado at Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Williams is now at the University of Toronto.)

Physics TodayNov 1, 19992 citations

Bose-Einstein Condensates: Experiments

Matteo Fadel

Quantum science and technologyJan 1, 20210 citations

ω= 2 ω_ρ

but, instead, decreases with temperature. It turns out that the effect is mainly governed by a resonance between the condensate excitation frequency and one of the quantum eigenfrequencies of the thermal cloud. Comparison of our predictions with the JILA experimental data shows a good agreement.