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Journal of the Ural Federal district Information security

Сравнительный анализ существующих протоколов обмена ключами для симметричных криптосистем

Яна Николаевна Крохалева, Elena Krotova

Published Dec 30, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This article is devoted to the current problem - the distribution of keys in cryptographic systems. In the work, two basic methods of key distribution, which are currently used in the designof cryptographic systems, are examined and compared in detail. The Diffie-Hellman algorithmis the primary key distribution method in existing protocols for automated distributed systems.The technologies of quantum cryptography are getting more and more development and require analysis and comparison with other methods of classical cryptography regarding competitiveness.

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This article is devoted to the current problem - the distribution of keys in cryptographic systems. In the work, two basic methods of key distribution, which are currently used in the designof cryptographic systems, are examined and compared in detail. The Diffie-Hellman algorithmis the primary key distribution method in existing protocols for automated distributed systems.The technologies of quantum cryptography are getting more and more development and require analysis and comparison with other methods of classical cryptography regarding competitiveness.
This article is devoted to the current problem - the distribution of keys in cryptographic systems. In the work, two basic methods of key distribution, which are currently used in the designof cryptographic systems, are examined and compared in detail. The Diffie-Hellman algorithmis the primary key distribution method in existing protocols for automated distributed systems.The technologies of quantum cryptography are getting more and more development and require analysis and comparison with other methods of classical cryptography regarding competitiveness.
Quantum cryptography is anew branch of physics and cryptography which exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to guarantee the secrecy of cryptographic keys. This paper introduces the basic concepts, problems and methods of quantum key distribution. It introduces some basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and explains how these physical laws can be used in cryptography. The basic protocols of quantum cryptographic used for key distribution based on entangled polarization photons pair are also presented and assessed. The well known concepts based on entangled pairs of photons (Ekert) schemes are presented. In these schemes Alice and Bob perform measurements on each photon along one of two, three or four directions given by unit vectors and (i, j = 1, 2, 3,4) respectively. Therefore the combinations are used from Alice and Bob is four, nine, or sixteen with respect to number of measurement directions (i = 2, 3 or 4) respectively. The analysis and comparative study between these versions are presented
Quantum cryptography is anew branch of physics and cryptography which exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to guarantee the secrecy of cryptographic keys. This paper introduces the basic concepts, problems and methods of quantum key distribution. It introduces some basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and explains how these physical laws can be used in cryptography. The basic protocols of quantum cryptographic used for key distribution based on entangled polarization photons pair are also presented and assessed. The well known concepts based on entangled pairs of photons (Ekert) schemes are presented. In these schemes Alice and Bob perform measurements on each photon along one of two, three or four directions given by unit vectors and (i, j = 1, 2, 3,4) respectively. Therefore the combinations are used from Alice and Bob is four, nine, or sixteen with respect to number of measurement directions (i = 2, 3 or 4) respectively. The analysis and comparative study between these versions are presented
The analysis of the foundations of modern cryptographic systems is carried out. Problems of classical cryptography arising in the development of quantum computers are considered. Considered are cryptographic protocols of quantum key distribution, their advantages and disadvantages. The analysis of stands for simulation of quantum key distribution available on the market is carried out. The rationale for the need to develop a training system has been made. The authors have developed a system for modeling and demonstrating quantum cryptographic protocols BB84, B92 and BB84 (4 + 2), intended for a detailed study of the principles of quantum cryptographic protocols in dynamics. The system provides the process of work both in text and graphic form. The developed system fully meets the needs of teaching students modern quantum information security technologies.
Irrespective of the duration for which the classical system based on bits remains secure, the imminent advent of quantum systems demands a robust cryptographic mechanism to safeguard both manifest data and the existing system’s structure and infrastructure against various threats. Quantum mechanics may provide a solution in the form of quantum key distribution (QKD), a set of processes designed to generate and exchange cryptographic keys between two parties. Each unique method and algorithm within QKD can be characterized as a protocol. In 1984, Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard introduced the first QKD protocol, BB84. Subsequent QKD protocols have been developed based on different principles, including Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, polarization, entanglement, and the non-cloning theory. Other scientists have enhanced some QKD protocols, leading to variations with different names. However, not all these protocols can be implemented in classical systems, as they specifically require a quantum system. The current challenge revolves around the complex and pressing need to develop a QKD protocol that can function effectively on classical systems, quantum systems, or both. In the chapter, QKD protocols are comprehensively examined, with each protocol being meticulously reviewed through technical steps elucidating how the protocol facilitates the exchange of secret keys. Each QKD protocol is dissected to unveil its underlying mechanisms, providing a detailed exploration of the cryptographic procedures involved in generating and exchanging secure cryptographic keys.