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IEEE Systems Journal

PLS Analysis in an Indoor Heterogeneous VLC/RF Network Based on Known and Unknown CSI

Ambrish Kumar, Parul Garg, Akash Kumar Gupta

Published Jan 29, 2020• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the physical layer security in an indoor environment, wherein both visible light communication (VLC) as well as radio frequency (RF) technologies are codeployed. We explore the benefits of employing both technologies by imposing a limit of positive secrecy rate to prevent the eavesdropping attacks, which is an important metric in designing a secure wireless network. The VLC technology is used as a primary technology and the RF technology is used when the primary technology cannot satisfy the imposed limit. In particular, a novel secure-link selection mechanism is proposed to select the secure technology (i.e., either VLC or RF technology) based on the availability or nonavailability of instantaneous channel state information of both legitimate and eavesdropping links. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of average secrecy capacity, connection outage probability, and secrecy outage probability. We observe the effect of various physical parameters on the security performance of the network. Further, analytical results are corroborated with the computer simulation results.

DOI
10.1109/jsyst.2020.2964033

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International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC)•Oct 1, 2019•4 citations
In this article, we investigate the physical layer security in an indoor environment, wherein both visible light communication (VLC) as well as radio frequency (RF) technologies are codeployed. We explore the benefits of employing both technologies by imposing a limit of positive secrecy rate to prevent the eavesdropping attacks, which is an important metric in designing a secure wireless network. The VLC technology is used as a primary technology and the RF technology is used when the primary technology cannot satisfy the imposed limit. In particular, a novel secure-link selection mechanism is proposed to select the secure technology (i.e., either VLC or RF technology) based on the availability or nonavailability of instantaneous channel state information of both legitimate and eavesdropping links. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of average secrecy capacity, connection outage probability, and secrecy outage probability. We observe the effect of various physical parameters on the security performance of the network. Further, analytical results are corroborated with the computer simulation results.
In this paper, we consider an indoor environment where both visible light communication (VLC) and radio frequency (RF) networks are co-deployed. A source transmitter can use either a VLC-link or a RF-link to transmit the information to the legitimate user and we assume that an eavesdropper is also present to intercept the legitimate information transmission. Here, VLC network is considered as a primary network and RF network is used as a backup. Therefore, a source transmitter utilizes the RF-link only when VLC-link offers negative secrecy-rate for legitimate information transmission. In particular, we propose a secrecy-rate based secure link adaptation mechanism to select the RF-link. We derive the exact closed-form expressions for secrecy outage probability and system secrecy outage probability, and further, observe the effect of various physical parameters on security performance analysis.
The broadcast nature of wireless networks makes them vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks; therefore, physical layer security (PLS) becomes essential to protect the signal at the physical layer. In this paper, we investigate PLS aspects in terms of the secrecy capacity (SC) in hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) networks. First, we design RF-and VLC-based beamforming vectors to maximize the achievable SC. Moreover, using these vectors, we solve the power minimization problem satisfying the required SC. The results provide useful insights into how the eavesdropper's location affects the power consumption profile. Finally, the results reveal that the performance of the VLC network in terms of the consumed power per bits/s/Hz is more efficient than the RF one.
Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising candidate to complement and enhance the performance of the existing radio frequency (RF) networks in indoor environments. Due to the broadcast nature of both RF and VLC channels, improving the transmission confidentiality is a requirement in practical wireless networks. Physical-layer security has emerged to provide a first line of defense against eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we study the physical layer security problem of a hybrid RF/VLC system. First, we formulate the minimization problem of the consumed electrical power in the hybrid RF/VLC network while satisfying the user's required secrecy rate. Then, we propose a zero forcing beamforming strategy and a minimum power allocation algorithm. Simulations results show that the proposed power allocation and beamforming algorithms outperform the benchmark algorithms in terms of the average consumed electrical power in various indoor scenarios.
Abstract In this paper, the physical layer security of an indoor visible light communication system, that consists of two transmission light‐emitting diodes to broadcast the information towards the legitimate user, is investigated. Further, a secure LED selection scheme is proposed to select an LED that can perform secure information broadcasting, in the presence of an active and/or passive eavesdropper. The probability of secure information broadcasting is obtained in terms of the positive secrecy rate which is defined under the constraints of known or unknown imperfect channel state information of both legitimate and eavesdropping links. The channel state information (CSI) knowledge of each transmitting link is estimated with the use of a minimum mean square error technique. The performance metrics of the system are defined in terms of the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability parameters. Further, the performance of the system is compared with the conventional stand‐alone VLC system by varying various physical parameters. Further, analytical results are corroborated with the computer simulation results.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a new enabling communication technology that exploits illumination devices, mostly high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to establish high-speed short-range wireless communication links. VLC is a promising technology that has gained significant interest in the last decade due to its high data rates and low cost of deployment. Although VLC systems are less susceptible to eavesdropping than RF systems since light does not penetrate through walls, they become as vulnerable as their radio-frequency (RF) counterparts when their nodes are deployed in public areas and/or when there are large windows. Thus, security for VLC systems is as important as it is for RF systems. Security in wireless communication systems may be enhanced by introducing physical layer security (PLS) techniques. In fact, PLS has been applied to a wide range of RF applications in an effort to improve the overall security by complementing existing cryptography-based security techniques. The potential of PLS stems from its ability of leveraging features of the surrounding environments via sophisticated encoding techniques at the physical layer. Indeed, PLS schemes can be applied in the same spirit to VLC systems. \n \nThere exist many specificities that characterize VLC systems, leading to major differences compared to RF systems. Specifically, VLC channels are quasi-static and real valued channels, which seemingly simplify the application of PLS techniques. However, due to the limited dynamic range of the LEDs, VLC systems impose an amplitude constraint on the channel input, which makes unbounded inputs not admissible. As a result, the performance of PLS schemes must be revised in the VLC context due to its different operating constraints. \n \nWe propose in this thesis enhancing the secrecy performance of VLC systems through PLS techniques. Firstly, we consider the degraded single-input single-output (SISO) VLC system. We derive achievable secrecy rates using continuous and discrete input distributions and we demonstrate the substantial improvement in the secrecy performance by using discrete distributions. Secondly, we consider the multiple-input single-output (MISO) VLC systems. We consider at first the case of randomly located eavesdroppers, in which we develop an associated achievable secrecy rate and we develop a beamforming-based precoding scheme that enhances the secrecy performance of this class of systems. In the second part, we consider the multi-user (MU) MISO broadcast system with confidential messages and we develop linear precoding schemes that enhance typical secrecy performance measures, including the max-min fairness and the weighted fairness. Finally, we consider the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) VLC system. We derive achievable secrecy rates using continuous and discrete distributions and we develop linear precoding schemes that improve its secrecy performance.
The physical layer security analysis is required in visible light technology based optical wireless communication networks, in order to deal with the eavesdropping attacks. In this study, we consider an indoor VLC network consisting of two light emitting diode elements. Further, based on ability to negate the eavesdropping attacks, the source transmitter selects either of the element to transmit the information to the legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper. In particular, for the selection of the element with desired ability, we propose a two-stage secure link adaptation scheme. We develop a mathematical framework to analyse the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability of both single-element and dual-element VLC links. Further, we compare the numerical results of the proposed dual-element VLC network with the conventional single-element VLC network by varying physical parameters.