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EPJ Web of Conferences

Renormalization Group in Non-Relativistic Quantum Statistics

Juha Honkonen, Marina Vladimirovna Komarova, Yu. G. Molotkov, Mikhail Yu. Nalimov, Yu. A. Zhavoronkov

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Dynamic behaviour of a boson gas near the condensation transition in the symmetric phase is analyzed with the use of an effective large-scale model derived from time-dependent Green functions at finite temperature. A renormalization-group analysis shows that the scaling exponents of critical dynamics of the effective multi-charge model coincide with those of the standard model A. The departure of this result from the description of the superfluid transition by either model E or F of the standard phenomenological stochastic models is corroborated by the analysis of a generalization of model F, which takes into account the effect of compressible fluid velocity. It is also shown that, contrary to the single-charge model A, there are several correction exponents in the effective model, which are calculated at the leading order of the ɛ= 4 − d expansion.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202022601005

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Dynamic behaviour of a boson gas near the condensation transition in the symmetric phase is analyzed with the use of an effective large-scale model derived from time-dependent Green functions at finite temperature. A renormalization-group analysis shows that the scaling exponents of critical dynamics of the effective multi-charge model coincide with those of the standard model A. The departure of this result from the description of the superfluid transition by either model E or F of the standard phenomenological stochastic models is corroborated by the analysis of a generalization of model F, which takes into account the effect of compressible fluid velocity. It is also shown that, contrary to the single-charge model A, there are several correction exponents in the effective model, which are calculated at the leading order of the ɛ= 4 − d expansion.
In papers devoted to superfluidity, the generally accepted statement that the dynamics of the corresponding phase transition is described by the stochastic model F or E can be frequently found. Nevertheless, the dynamical critical index has not been found even in the leading order of the perturbation theory. It is also unknown which model, E or F, in fact corresponds to this system. We use two different approaches to study this problem. First, we study the dynamics of the critical behavior in a neighborhood of the λ point using the renormalization group method based on a quantum microscopic model in the formalism of the time-dependent Green’s functions at a finite temperature. Second, we study the stochastic model F to find whether it is stable under compressibility effects. Both approaches lead to the same very unexpected result: the dynamics of the phase transition to the superfluid state are described by the stochastic model A with a known dynamical critical index.
Dynamic critical behavior in superfluid systems is considered in the presence of external stirring and advecting processes. The latter are generated by means of the Gaussian random velocity ensemble with white-noise character in time variable and self-similar spatial dependence. The main focus of this work is to analyze an effect of compressible modes on the critical behavior. The model is formulated through stochastic Langevin equations, which are then recast into the Janssen-De Dominicis response formalism. Employing the field-theoretic perturbative renormalization group method we analyze large-scale properties of the model. Explicit calculations are performed to the leading one-loop approximation in the double (ɛ,y) expansion scheme, where ɛ is a deviation from the upper critical dimension d_{c}=4 and y describes a scaling property of the velocity ensemble. Altogether five distinct universality classes are expected to be macroscopically observable. In contrast to the incompressible case, we find that compressibility leads to an enhancement and stabilization of nontrivial asymptotic regimes.
A homogeneous non-relativistic Bose gas is investigated at finite temperature using renormalization group methods. The phase transition is shown to be second order and the effective chemical potential and the effective quartic coupling vanish at the critical temperature. We obtain the critical exponent ν=0.73ν=0.73ν=0.73 at leading order in the derivative expansion.
Results and method of a three-loop renormalization-group calculation in the model of a Bose gas with a local density-density interaction in the formalism of time-dependent Green functions at finite temperature are presented. The results provide support to the recent conjecture [J. Honkonen, M. V. Komarova, Y. G. Molotkov, and M. Y. Nalimov, Nucl. Phys. B 939, 105 (2019)0550-321310.1016/j.nuclphysb.2018.12.015; Y. A. Zhavoronkov, M. V. Komarova, Y. G. Molotkov, M. Y. Nalimov, and J. Honkonen, Theor. Math. Phys. 200, 1237 (2019)0040-577910.1134/S0040577919080142] that the dynamics of the superfluid phase transition is described by a model which belongs to the same universality class as the stochastic model A.
We review the progress made in dynamic bulk critical behaviour in equilibrium in the last 25 years since the review of Halperin and Hohenberg. We unify the presentation of the theoretical background by restricting ourselves to the field-theoretic renormalization group method. The main results obtained in the different universality classes are presented. This contains the critical dynamics near the gas–liquid transition in pure fluids (model H), the plait point and consolute point in mixtures (model H � ), the superfluid transition in 4 He (model F) and 4 He– 3 He mixtures (model F � ), the Curie point (model J) and Neel point (model G) in Heisenberg magnets and the superconducting transition. In comparison with experimental results, it became clear that in most cases one has to consider apart from the universal asymptotic critical behaviour also the non-universal effective behaviour. Either because it turned out to be inevitable due to a small dynamical transient exponent inhibiting the system to reach the asymptotics (e.g., at the superfluid transition) or because one is interested in the region further away from the phase transition like in pure fluids and mixtures at their gas–liquid or demixing transition. The calculation of the critical dynamics is adequate in most cases only in two-loop order. We review these results and present the solution to unreasonable features found for some models. Thus, we consider model C where relaxational and diffusive dynamics are coupled and the scaling properties and the limit to a purely relaxational model (model A) have not been understood. In general for models where the order parameter couples to other conserved densities time scale ratios between the kinetic coefficients of the order parameter and the conserved densities play an important role. Their fixed-point values and the approach to the fixed point are changed considerably in two-loop order compared to their values in one-loop order. These considerations are relevant for the explanation of the dynamical critical shape functions of systems such as superfluid helium (model F) and the isotropic antiferromagnet (model G). As far as possible, the comparison of results obtained by the renormalization group theory with numerical simulations has been made.
The Renormalization group method (RG) is applied to the investigation of the E model of critical dynamics, which describes the transition from the normal to the superfluid phase in He4. The technique “Sector decomposition” with R’ operation is used for the calculation of the Feynman diagrams. The RG functions, critical exponents and critical dynamical exponent z, which determines the growth of the relaxation time near the critical point, have been calculated in the two-loop approximation in the framework of ε-expansion. The relevance of a fixed point for helium, where the dynamic scaling is weakly violated, is briefly discussed.