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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Transfer of optical vortices using two-photon processes in a diamond configuration atomic system

Fei Wang, Fanggui Hu, Jun Xu, Xi-Dong Wang

Published Jan 22, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transfer of optical vortices is studied based on double two-photon processes in a four-level diamond configuration system. A pair of strong fields are applied to prepare atomic coherence, while two weak probe fields are coupled with the other two transitions. When the two-photon resonances are satisfied, the analytical results for the intensities of the probe fields are calculated using perturbation theory and an adiabatic approximation approach. Our results explore whether the orbital angular momentum of an input probe beam or the second control field can be transferred to the generated probe field, and this is verified by numerical simulation. It is interesting that as the intensities of the control fields increase, the propagation of probe beams exhibits oscillation behaviors only when the one-photon detuning is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that the absorption losses are minimized, and the transfer efficiency is enhanced by appropriately modifying the one-photon detuning together with the control-field Rabi frequencies.

DOI
10.1364/josab.376330

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The transfer of optical vortices is studied based on double two-photon processes in a four-level diamond configuration system. A pair of strong fields are applied to prepare atomic coherence, while two weak probe fields are coupled with the other two transitions. When the two-photon resonances are satisfied, the analytical results for the intensities of the probe fields are calculated using perturbation theory and an adiabatic approximation approach. Our results explore whether the orbital angular momentum of an input probe beam or the second control field can be transferred to the generated probe field, and this is verified by numerical simulation. It is interesting that as the intensities of the control fields increase, the propagation of probe beams exhibits oscillation behaviors only when the one-photon detuning is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that the absorption losses are minimized, and the transfer efficiency is enhanced by appropriately modifying the one-photon detuning together with the control-field Rabi frequencies.
We propose a scheme to exchange optical vortices of slow light using the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ atom-light coupling scheme illuminated by a pair of probe fields as well as two control fields of larger intensity. We study the light-matter interaction under the situation where one control field carries an optical vortex, and another control field has no vortex. We show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex control beam can be transferred to a generated probe field through a four-wave-mixing process and without switching on and off of the control fields. Such a mechanism of OAM transfer is much simpler than in a double-tripod scheme in which the exchange of vortices is possible only when two control fields carry optical vortices of opposite helicity. The losses appearing during such OAM exchange are then calculated. It is found that the one-photon detuning plays an important role in minimizing the losses. An approximate analytical expression is obtained for the optimal one-photon detuning for which the losses are minimum while the intensity of generated probe field is maximum. The influence of phase mismatch on the exchange of optical vortices is also investigated. We show that in presence of phase mismatch the exchange of optical vortices can still be efficient.
Abstract We explore the concept that the Raman process can be used as an effective way for transfer of optical vortices. In a four-level atomic system, two strong fields are applied to form a Λ-type subsystem while two probe fields couple to the other cascade transitions. It is found that the optical vortex of a control field can be transferred to a generated probe beam based on four-wave mixing processes, wherein the one-photon detuning plays an important role in minimizing the losses. On the other hand, when the control fields have no vortices, the transfer is realized between two probe beams for intermediate values of atomic coherence induced by the Raman process, vanishing both for the minimal value 0 and for the maximal values ±0.5. We have also analyzed the spatial structures of the propagating probe beams with optical vortices at the entrance, displaying that the information of winding numbers is hidden behind the intensity distributions and corresponding phase patterns. This may find potential applications in quantum information storage.
We study the formation of off-axis optical vortices propagating inside a double-Raman gain atomic medium. The atoms interact with two weak probe fields as well as two strong pump beams which can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). We consider a situation when only one of the strong pump lasers carries an OAM. A particular superposition of probe fields coupled to the matter is shown to form specific optical vortices with shifted axes. Such off-axis vortices can propagate inside the medium with sub- or superluminal group velocity depending on the value of the two-photon detuning. The superluminal optical vortices are associated with the amplification as the energy of pump fields is transferred to the probe fields. The position of the peripheral vortices can be manipulated by the OAM and intensity of the pump fields. We show that the exchange of optical vortices is possible between individual probe beams and the pump fields when the amplitude of the second probe field is zero at the beginning of the atomic cloud. The model is extended to a more complex double Raman doublet interacting with four pump fields. In contrast to the double-Raman-singlet, now the generation of the off-axis sub- or superluminal optical vortices is possible even for zero two-photon detuning.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the coherent transfer of optical vortices in a cold atomic ensemble with four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. The orbital angular-momentum (OAM) information can be transferred from the incident vortex fields to the generated backward signal field via resonant backward four-wave mixing (FWM). Considering the single vortex probe field initially acting on one transition of the atomic ensemble and using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which the resonant backward FWM allows us to greatly improve the conversion efficiency of optical vortices beyond what is achievable in the resonant forward OAM transfers. It is found that the complete energy conversion of optical vortices originates from the perfect competition between linear absorption and parametric gain. We also demonstrate that the phase mismatching would be detrimental to the high-efficiency transfer of optical vortices. Furthermore, we show that the generated backward signal field develops a new pure or mixing OAM state when the control field is also a vortex beam. Finally, we investigate the composite vortex beam generated by collinear superposition of the incident vortex probe and signal fields, which can controlled via adjusting the intensity of the control field. Our scheme may have potential applications in OAM-based optical communication and optical information processing.
A scheme for high-efficiency transfer of optical vortices is proposed by an inelastic two-wave mixing (ITWM) process in an inverted-Y four-level atomic medium, which is originally prepared in a coherent superposition of two ground states. The orbital angular momentum (OAM) information in the incident vortex probe field can be transferred to the generated signal field through the ITWM process. Choosing reasonable experimentally realizable parameters, we find that the presence of the off-resonance control field can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of optical vortices, rather than in the absence of a control field. This is caused by the broken of the destructive interference between two one-photon excitation pathways. Furthermore, we also extend our model to an inelastic multi-wave mixing process and demonstrate that the transfer efficiency between multiple optical vortices strongly depends on the superposition of the ground states. Finally, we explore the composite vortex beam generated by collinear superposition of the incident vortex probe and signal fields. It is obvious that the intensity and phase profiles of the composite vortex can be effectively controlled via adjusting the intensity of the control field. Potential applications of our scheme may exist in OAM-based optical communications and optical information processing.
We study the manipulation of slow light with an orbital angular momentum propagating in a cloud of cold atoms. Atoms are affected by four co-propagating control laser beams in a double tripod configuration of the atomic energy levels involved, allowing us to minimize the losses at the vortex core of the control beams. In such a situation the atomic medium is transparent for a pair of co-propagating probe fields, leading to the creation of two-component (spinor) slow light. We study the interaction between the probe fields when two control beams carry optical vortices of opposite helicity. As a result, a transfer of the optical vortex takes place from the control to the probe fields without switching off and on the control beams. This feature is missing in a single tripod scheme where the optical vortex can be transferred from the control to the probe field only during either the storage or retrieval of light.