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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Finite Temperature Correlations for the Ising Chain in a Transverse Field

Jacques H. H. Perk, Hans W. Capel, Frank Willem Nijhoff, G. Quispel

Published Jan 1, 1983• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two sets of nonlinear differential equations are derived and discussed for the time-dependent correlations between x-components of spins (S = 12) in an Ising chain in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The equations are independent of temperature which enters only through the initial conditions for the correlations. The equations are valid for the (general) inhomogeneous case in which the exchange coupling as well as the magnetic field depend on the sites in the chain. In the derivation use is made of a general formulation of the thermodynamic Wick theorem. For the homogeneous case a nonlinear differential-difference equation is derived, generalizing the Painlevé III equation found previously at zero temperature in the scaling limit. The finite-temperature field theory limit is discussed also.

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Two sets of nonlinear differential equations are derived and discussed for the time-dependent correlations between x-components of spins (S = 12) in an Ising chain in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The equations are independent of temperature which enters only through the initial conditions for the correlations. The equations are valid for the (general) inhomogeneous case in which the exchange coupling as well as the magnetic field depend on the sites in the chain. In the derivation use is made of a general formulation of the thermodynamic Wick theorem. For the homogeneous case a nonlinear differential-difference equation is derived, generalizing the Painlevé III equation found previously at zero temperature in the scaling limit. The finite-temperature field theory limit is discussed also.
We have numerically studied the thermodynamic properties of the spin 12\frac{1}{2}21​ XXZXXZXXZ chain in the presence of a transverse (noncommuting) magnetic field. The thermal, field dependence of specific heat and correlation functions for chains up to 20 sites has been calculated. The area where the specific heat decays exponentially is considered as a measure of the energy gap. We have also obtained the exchange interaction between chains in a bulk material using the random phase approximation and derived the phase diagram of the three-dimensional material with this approximation. The behavior of the structure factor at different momenta verifies the antiferromagnetic long-range order in the yyy direction for the three-dimensional case. Moreover, we have concluded that the low temperature Lanczos results [M. Aichhorn et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 161103(R) (2003)] are more accurate for low temperatures and closer to the full diagonalization ones than the results of finite temperature Lanczos method [J. Jaklic and P. Prelovsek, Phys. Rev. B 49, 5065 (1994)].
This work concerns the dynamical two-point spin correlation functions of the transverse Ising quantum chain at finite (non-zero) temperature, in the universal region near the quantum critical point. They are correlation functions of twist fields in the massive Majorana fermion quantum field theory. At finite temperature, these are known to satisfy a set of integrable partial differential equations, including the sinh–Gordon equation. We apply the classical inverse scattering method to study them, finding that the 'initial scattering data' corresponding to the correlation functions are simply related to the one-particle finite-temperature form factors calculated recently by one of the persent authors. The set of linear integral equations (Gelfand–Levitan–Marchenko equations) associated with the inverse scattering problem then gives, in principle, the two-point functions at all space and time separations, and all temperatures. From these, we evaluate the long-time asymptotic expansion 'near the light cone', in the region where the difference between the space and time separations is of the order of the correlation length.
Abstract We study the correlation functions of su (2) invariant spin- s chains in the thermodynamic limit. We derive nonlinear integral equations for an auxiliary correlation function ω for any spin s and finite temperature T . For the spin-3/2 chain for arbitrary temperature and zero magnetic field we obtain algebraic expressions for the reduced density matrix of two-sites. In the zero temperature limit, the density matrix elements are evaluated analytically and appear to be given in terms of Riemann’s zeta function values of even and odd arguments.
The two-point connected correlation function, or wavevector-dependent susceptibility, of the ferromagnetic Ising chain in a random field is calculated exactly at any temperature, for a two-parameter family of diluted symmetric exponential distributions of the magnetic fields. Thermodynamic properties of this model have been derived in a previous work by the authors. Besides the correlation function itself, the solution provides exact results for the (usual) susceptibility, the correlation length and the Edwards-Anderson parameter. The low-temperature regime is examined in full detail: the authors obtain in closed form the limit value at zero temperature of various quantities, and the first correction to this limit, which behaves linearly with temperature. The correlation length is discontinuous at zero temperature. They also derive the scaling form of the correlation function for small p, where the dilution p is the probability for a spin to be subjected to a non-zero random field. Even in this limit, the correlation function is more complicated than the simple Lorentzian predicted, e.g., by mean-field theory.
We study the dynamics caused by transport of transverse magnetization in one dimensional transverse Ising chain at zero temperature. We observe that a class of initial states in fermionic momentum-space produce spatial variation in transverse magnetization. Starting from such a state, we obtain the transverse magnetization analytically and then observe its dynamics in presence of a homogeneous constant field Γ\GammaΓ. In contradiction with general expectation, whatever be the strength of the field, the magnetization of the system does not become homogeneous even after infinite time. In each site, the dynamics is associated with oscillations having two different timescales. The envelope of the larger timescale oscillation decays algebraically having an exponent which is universal for the entire class of such initial states. Signature of quantum criticality is also embedded in the dynamics in two aspects : Behavioral change shown by the frequency of large timescale oscillation at any site and the corresponding magnetization at infinity when they cross the quantum critical point.