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Nonlinear effect of the application of a high-power laser radiation field to an optical resonator containing a Kerr dielectric

A M Prokhorov, O. G. Semenov, Konstantin F. Shipilov, T. A. Shmaonov

Published Feb 1, 1979• 0 citations
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The problem of quantizing the radiation field inside a nonlinear dielectric is studied. Based on the quantization of radiation in a linear dielectric which includes absorption and dispersion, we extend the theory in order to treat also nonlinear optical processes. We derive propagation equations in space and time for the quantized radiation field including the effects of linear absorption and dispersion as well as nonlinear optical effects. As a special case we derive the propagation equation of a narrow-frequency band light pulse in a Kerr medium.

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Magnetic-field-engineered optical nonlinearity and optical high-order sideband

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Achieving strong optical nonlinearity in a low excitation power level is crucial in micro- and nanophotonics, central to many applications. Here, we explore optical linear and nonlinear responses in a single quantum dot (QD) embedded into a single-mode cavity under the effect of an external magnetic field and a continuous-wave laser excitation in the weak-coupling regime. Using experimentally realistic parameters, we find that the magnetic field introduced in such a coupled cavity-QD system can drastically modify the properties of photons and thus can be employed as a flexible control parameter. Especially, the enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved by tuning the applied magnetic field appropriately, which can reach over 11-fold improvement as compared to the case without the magnetic field. Physically, this is the consequence of the magnetic-field-induced resonance shifts and the cavity-field-mediated interferences. As an example of its applications, in the basis of this attainable strong Kerr nonlinearity, we show a feasible way of generating an optical high-order sideband efficiently, with small sideband spacing, as small as a few tens of megahertz, and low input excitation power, as low as a few nanowatts. Moreover, the manipulation of the high-order sideband is also discussed by changing the magnetic field from 0 to 3 T, where the variation of the sideband power is in good agreement with that of the Kerr nonlinearity. Considering realistic experimental conditions we elaborate the possible implementation of our proposal. In addition to being of fundamental interest, the results of our paper hold potential in optical frequency combs, nonlinear optics, and high precision measurement.

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Messung und graphische Darstellung von Ein- und Zwei-Moden-gequetschten Zuständen des Lichts

J. Bauchrowitz

The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is degenerate optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in nonlinear dielectric media such as lithium niobate or periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate.This work presents the generation of the most strongly squeezed states of light so far, as well as the first graphical description of squeezed-light generation via OPA.The newly developed graphical description visualizes the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field.It explicitly focuses on the transition from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state, and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's second-order nonlinearity.The pictures visualize the phase-dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties, and give the phase relations between all propagating electromagnetic fields, as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations.The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higher-order effects of the nonlinear dielectric polarization, such as four-wave mixing, and the optical Kerr effect.By superposing strongly squeezed states of light, strongly entangled states can be produced.This work measured states such as those discussed in 1935 in the famous gedanken experiment by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) and introduced by Schrödinger in terms of entanglement and steering.The source of entanglement in this work was composed of a half-monolithic, optically nonlinear cavity providing 11,3 dB squeezing and a monolithic, optically nonlinear cavity providing 12,7 dB squeezing.The latter value is the highest noise suppression up to now.This source of entanglement achieved a sixfold increase of the observed EPR-steering effect with regard to previous experiments, as quantified by the Reid criterion.It achieved an unprecedentedly low conditional variance product of about 0,04 < 1, where 1 is the upper bound below which steering is demonstrated.The steering effect was observed on an unconditional two-mode-squeezed entangled state that contained a total vacuum state contribution of less than 8 %, including detection imperfections.Together with the achieved high interference contrast between the entangled state and a bright coherent laser field, this state is compatible with efficient applications in high-power laser interferometers and fiber-based networks for entanglement distribution.

•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
The problem of quantizing the radiation field inside a nonlinear dielectric is studied. Based on the quantization of radiation in a linear dielectric which includes absorption and dispersion, we extend the theory in order to treat also nonlinear optical processes. We derive propagation equations in space and time for the quantized radiation field including the effects of linear absorption and dispersion as well as nonlinear optical effects. As a special case we derive the propagation equation of a narrow-frequency band light pulse in a Kerr medium.
Achieving strong optical nonlinearity in a low excitation power level is crucial in micro- and nanophotonics, central to many applications. Here, we explore optical linear and nonlinear responses in a single quantum dot (QD) embedded into a single-mode cavity under the effect of an external magnetic field and a continuous-wave laser excitation in the weak-coupling regime. Using experimentally realistic parameters, we find that the magnetic field introduced in such a coupled cavity-QD system can drastically modify the properties of photons and thus can be employed as a flexible control parameter. Especially, the enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved by tuning the applied magnetic field appropriately, which can reach over 11-fold improvement as compared to the case without the magnetic field. Physically, this is the consequence of the magnetic-field-induced resonance shifts and the cavity-field-mediated interferences. As an example of its applications, in the basis of this attainable strong Kerr nonlinearity, we show a feasible way of generating an optical high-order sideband efficiently, with small sideband spacing, as small as a few tens of megahertz, and low input excitation power, as low as a few nanowatts. Moreover, the manipulation of the high-order sideband is also discussed by changing the magnetic field from 0 to 3 T, where the variation of the sideband power is in good agreement with that of the Kerr nonlinearity. Considering realistic experimental conditions we elaborate the possible implementation of our proposal. In addition to being of fundamental interest, the results of our paper hold potential in optical frequency combs, nonlinear optics, and high precision measurement.
The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is degenerate optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in nonlinear dielectric media such as lithium niobate or periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate.This work presents the generation of the most strongly squeezed states of light so far, as well as the first graphical description of squeezed-light generation via OPA.The newly developed graphical description visualizes the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field.It explicitly focuses on the transition from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state, and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's second-order nonlinearity.The pictures visualize the phase-dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties, and give the phase relations between all propagating electromagnetic fields, as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations.The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higher-order effects of the nonlinear dielectric polarization, such as four-wave mixing, and the optical Kerr effect.By superposing strongly squeezed states of light, strongly entangled states can be produced.This work measured states such as those discussed in 1935 in the famous gedanken experiment by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) and introduced by Schrödinger in terms of entanglement and steering.The source of entanglement in this work was composed of a half-monolithic, optically nonlinear cavity providing 11,3 dB squeezing and a monolithic, optically nonlinear cavity providing 12,7 dB squeezing.The latter value is the highest noise suppression up to now.This source of entanglement achieved a sixfold increase of the observed EPR-steering effect with regard to previous experiments, as quantified by the Reid criterion.It achieved an unprecedentedly low conditional variance product of about 0,04 < 1, where 1 is the upper bound below which steering is demonstrated.The steering effect was observed on an unconditional two-mode-squeezed entangled state that contained a total vacuum state contribution of less than 8 %, including detection imperfections.Together with the achieved high interference contrast between the entangled state and a bright coherent laser field, this state is compatible with efficient applications in high-power laser interferometers and fiber-based networks for entanglement distribution.