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Unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution with imperfect detector

Yichen Zhang, Luyu Huang, Song Yu, Hong Mei Guo

Published Dec 30, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a method to improve the performance of unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution with imperfect detector by adding a parameter-adjustable optical amplifier, where the optimal performance can approach the scenario with a perfect detector.
DOI
10.1117/12.2540974

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Abstract. The imperfections of a receiver’s detector affect the performance of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols and are difficult to adjust in practical situations. We propose a method to improve the performance of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution by adding a parameter-adjustable optical amplifier at the receiver. A security analysis is derived against a two-mode collective entangling cloner attack. Our simulations show that the proposed method can improve the performance of protocols as long as the inherent noise of the amplifier is lower than a critical value, defined as the tolerable amplifier noise. Furthermore, the optimal performance can approach the scenario where a perfect detector is used.
Abstract Inherent defects of the detectors in a practical system cause deterioration of the performance of the unidimensional coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol. Aiming to achieve optimal performance, we propose a method of using a phase-sensitive amplifier to overcome the limitation that the detectors introduce. The modified protocol, corresponding to a higher key rate, provides the practical system with more robustness. To conduct a thorough investigation into the effects that the phase-sensitive amplifier creates, the expressions of the secret key rates are derived, under the conditions of coherent states, homodyne detection against collective attacks, and a phase-sensitive optical amplifier added at the output of the channel. Then, we carry out simulations to observe the performance in the cases of different gains. The simulation results demonstrate that the method we propose can improve the performance of the unidimensional protocol using coherent states and make up for the imperfections of the detector in a practical system.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols, based on Gaussian modulation of the quadratures of coherent states, have been implemented in recent experiments. A present limitation of such systems is the finite efficiency of the detectors, which can in principle be compensated for by the use of classical optical preamplifiers. Here we study this possibility in detail, by deriving the modified secret key generation rates when an optical parametric amplifier is placed at the output of the quantum channel. After presenting a general set of security proofs, we show that the use of preamplifiers does compensate for all the imperfections of the detectors when the amplifier is optimal in terms of gain and noise. Imperfect amplifiers can also enhance the system performance, under conditions which are generally satisfied in practice.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols have been implemented recently, based on Gaussian modulation of the quadratures of coherent states. A present limitation of such systems is the finite efficiency of the detectors, that can in principle be compensated for by the use of classical optical preamplifiers. Here we study this possibility in detail, by deriving the modified secret key generation rates when an optical parametric amplifier is placed at the output of the quantum channel. After presenting a general set of security proofs, we show that the use of preamplifiers does compensate all the imperfections of the detectors when the amplifier is optimal in terms of gain and noise. Imperfect amplifiers can also enhance the system performance, under conditions which are generally satisfied in practice.