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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

Optimized Channel Allocation Scheme with Selective Noise Avoiding in DWDM-QKD System

Peng Zhang, Yongmei Sun, Jianing Niu, Xianglong Jia, Yuefeng Ji

Published Nov 2, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

To reduce impairments on quantum signals in DWDM-QKD system, we propose a channel allocation scheme which selectively avoids FWM according to degeneracy or non-degeneracy. Simulations show that our scheme can effectively suppress noise.

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Conducting quantum key distribution (QKD) through existing optical fibers together with conventional communication signals is a viable way to expand its practical application, but weak quantum signals can be severely disrupted by co-propagating classical signals. In this paper, the suppression of four-wave mixing (FWM) noise and Raman noise is considered simultaneously for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and the joint optimized channel allocation (JOCA) scheme is proposed. In the JOCA scheme, the quantum channels and classical channels are interleaved with each other to avoid FWM noise and optimal quantum channel positions are chosen in variable conditions according to the Raman scattering spectrum. Experimental measurements of the noise photons show that the JOCA scheme can effectively reduce the impairments on quantum signals compared with the single-target schemes. Additionally, simulation results verify that the JOCA scheme can increase the secure key generation rate and transmission distance, and that it also enables the DWDM-QKD system to tolerate higher-power classical signals and more classical channels, which improve the compatibility with a high-capacity communication system.
Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with existing optical networks is highly desired to reduce the deployment costs and achieve efficient resource utilization, and some point-to-point transmitting experiments have verified its feasibility. Nevertheless, there are still many problems in the realistic scenario where QKD coexists with dynamic data traffics. On the one hand, the conventional static channel allocation schemes cannot guarantee the quality of quantum channels in the presence of the time-varying noises. On the other hand, considering the complex noise generation caused by dynamic classical data traffics with variable characters, it is challenging to achieve online high-performance quantum channel assignments. To address these problems, we propose a machine learning based noise-suppressing channel allocation (ML-NSCA) scheme. In this scheme, the LightGBM based ML framework is trained to predict the optimal channel allocations with lowest noise impacts, according to which, the quantum channels are periodically reallocated to guarantee high secure key rate. To improve the accuracy and scalability of the ML framework, we also optimize the method of feature extraction during the training process. The performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resist the dynamic noise impacts in the realistic optical networks and obtain higher secure key rate with less operation complexity than the previous schemes.
Theoretical research and numerical simulation of the noise influence caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and linear channel cross talk on the performances of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems were conducted. Three types of QKD systems were considered: a coherent one-way QKD protocol, subcarrier-wave QKD system, and continuous-variable QKD integrated with classical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels. We calculate the secure key generation rate for the systems mentioned addressing different channel allocation schemes (i.e., configurations). A uniform DWDM grid is considered with a quantum channel located in the C-band and O-band (at 1310 nm) of a telecommunication window. The systems’ performances are analyzed in terms of the maximal achievable distance values. Configurations for further analysis and investigation are chosen optimally, i.e., their maximal achievable distances are the best.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics. Integrating QKD with classical data traffic by using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques in a single fibre is a cost-efficient way to improve security in legacy infrastructure. In such a system, the main noise source to the quantum channel is spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) caused by the classical channels. In this letter we introduce a channel allocation strategy for both quantum and classical signals to minimize the SRS noise. A use case that quantum and classical channels co-exist in a dense WDM system is investigated. The results show >26% increase of achievable transmission distance for the QKD system when implementing the introduced channel allocation strategy. Moreover, a network updating plan is proposed, which provides a guideline to light the new wavelengths for classical communications while minimizing the SRS noise to quantum channels.
Integrating a quantum communication channel with classical optical communication is a cost-effective, deployment-friendly solution to provide secure data transmission over optical fibres. However, the noise introduced by intense classical signals into the quantum channel severely impacts the performance of quantum communication. This paper evaluates the impact of optical attenuation and Spontaneous Raman Scattering in the quantum communication system. A hybrid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) solution is investigated by combining experimental and theoretical work. The optimal wavelength allocation strategy is defined.