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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

A LightGBM Based Noise Aware Wavelength Assignment Scheme in the Hybrid DWDM and QKD Networks

Jianing Niu, Yongmei Sun, Yongrui Zhang, Yuefeng Ji

Published Nov 2, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We propose a noise aware wavelength assignment scheme in dynamic DWDM-QKD networks, in which the optimal channel allocations are periodically predicted by machine learning. The simulation results verify it effectively improves the secure key rate.

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Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with existing optical networks is highly desired to reduce the deployment costs and achieve efficient resource utilization, and some point-to-point transmitting experiments have verified its feasibility. Nevertheless, there are still many problems in the realistic scenario where QKD coexists with dynamic data traffics. On the one hand, the conventional static channel allocation schemes cannot guarantee the quality of quantum channels in the presence of the time-varying noises. On the other hand, considering the complex noise generation caused by dynamic classical data traffics with variable characters, it is challenging to achieve online high-performance quantum channel assignments. To address these problems, we propose a machine learning based noise-suppressing channel allocation (ML-NSCA) scheme. In this scheme, the LightGBM based ML framework is trained to predict the optimal channel allocations with lowest noise impacts, according to which, the quantum channels are periodically reallocated to guarantee high secure key rate. To improve the accuracy and scalability of the ML framework, we also optimize the method of feature extraction during the training process. The performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resist the dynamic noise impacts in the realistic optical networks and obtain higher secure key rate with less operation complexity than the previous schemes.
Optimal wavelength assignment in dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) systems that integrate both quantum and classical channels is studied. In such systems, weak quantum key distribution (QKD) signals travel alongside intense classical signals on the same fiber, where the former can be masked by the background noise induced by the latter. Here, we investigate how optimal wavelength assignment can mitigate this problem. We consider different DWDM structures and various sources of crosstalk and propose several near-optimal wavelength assignment methods that maximize the total secret key rate of the QKD channels. Our numerical results show that the optimum wavelength assignment pattern is commonly consisted of several interspersed quantum and classical bands. Using our proposed techniques, the total secret key rate of quantum channels can substantially be improved, as compared to conventional assignment methods, in the noise dominated regimes. Alternatively, we can maximize the number of QKD users supported under certain key rate constraints.
Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) into the optical network through wavelength division multiplex (WDM) is promising for establishing large-scale QKD networks. However, the existing wavelength assignment schemes for WDM-QKD network all require to reserve a dedicate waveband for quantum signals, which influences the provisioning of data services, especially when the resource is tight. In this article, considering the quantum key pool (QKP) technology in the current QKD network, we propose a flexible key-size-driven wavelength assignment (KSD-WA) scheme to recycle the wavelength fragment to transmit quantum signals. Additionally, considering the noise impacts and the limited reconfiguration operations, we propose a heuristic algorithm to optimize the fragment selection with the objective of maximizing the secure key rate in the dynamic scenario. We also design a deep reinforcement learning (DeepRL) based algorithm to automatically learn the optimization policy under different environments. The simulation results verify that comparing with the conventional fixed-band (FB) scheme, the KSD-WA scheme assisted by the proposed optimization algorithms can provide adequate keys for encryption without affecting the provisioning of coexisting data services, which improves the compatibility of QKD with the real-life optical networks.
In this paper, low-complexity channel allocation methods are proposed for quantum access networks. We consider dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (DWDM-PON) structures that enable users to exchange secret keys, in addition to data transmission. We consider two main sources of noise in such systems, Raman scattering and four-wave mixing, and examine optimal channel allocation in different scenarios. We also take into account finite-key effects in the quantum key distribution (QKD) channels. Our numerical results show that the proposed wavelength assignment methods can significantly enhance the secret key generation rate of users.
Optical network security has attracted extensive attentions recently, data encryption is an effective way to enhance the security. Unlike conventional key distribution methods, Quantum key distribution (QKD) is provably-secure. Integrating QKD into optical networks can provide a new paradigm for secure communications. In a QKD integrated optical network, besides the traditional data channels, two additional channels, called quantum-signal channels and public interaction channels, are required to support secure key. Crucially, how to optimally allocate limited wavelength resources to the three channels is emerging as a novel problem. By introducing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network and defining the wavelength occupancy factor, this paper designs a dynamic routing, wavelength and time-slot allocation (DRWTA) algorithm for the wavelength allocation in QKD integrated optical network. The simulation results show wavelength scale factor has an adverse effect on the resource utilization rate and the blocking probability. Furthermore, the DRWTA algorithm provides a strategy to allocate wavelength for three types of channels in QKD-WDM networks. The success probability can be improved by exploiting the DRWTA algorithm.
In this paper we study the performance of subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution (SCW QKD) in the presence of classical channels of optical transport network utilizing dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). We consider the impact of spontaneous Raman scattering noise as well as the four-wave mixing and channel isolation efficiency. We calculate quantum bit error rate as well as the secure key generation rate of SCW-QKD protocol for different parameters of DWDM system and quantum channel allocations. Our calculations show, that quantum channel allocation at the wavelength of 1310 nm is preferable to allocation at C-band due to lower nonlinear noise, despite fiber's larger attenuation at this wavelength.