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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

Performance Analysis of Superposition Modulation in Physical Layer Security

Shubo Sun, Na Li, Haowei Wang, Xiaofeng Tao

Published Oct 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Superposition modulation(SM) separates the transmitters and the bits to be sent into two parts, respectively, and aims that the low-order symbols modulated by different bit sequences reach the legitimate receiver (Bob) synchronously. Then the receiver receives a high-order superposition symbol superimposed by the low-order symbols. Its diversity makes a great fluctuation of communicating channels, which is a great feature for the physical-layer security. So the potential security of SM is deserved to be discussed. This paper investigates the security performance of SM scheme in a wiretap system, and its symbol error rete (SER) at the eavesdropper (Eve) is much higher compared with the traditional QAM scheme. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of channel estimation errors. It shows that SM scheme is as sensitive to estimation error as traditional QAM scheme for Eve, such that SM is still have a better secrecy performance. The results show agreement with computer simulations.

DOI
10.1109/wcsp.2019.8928058

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Superposition modulation(SM) separates the transmitters and the bits to be sent into two parts, respectively, and aims that the low-order symbols modulated by different bit sequences reach the legitimate receiver (Bob) synchronously. Then the receiver receives a high-order superposition symbol superimposed by the low-order symbols. Its diversity makes a great fluctuation of communicating channels, which is a great feature for the physical-layer security. So the potential security of SM is deserved to be discussed. This paper investigates the security performance of SM scheme in a wiretap system, and its symbol error rete (SER) at the eavesdropper (Eve) is much higher compared with the traditional QAM scheme. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of channel estimation errors. It shows that SM scheme is as sensitive to estimation error as traditional QAM scheme for Eve, such that SM is still have a better secrecy performance. The results show agreement with computer simulations.
In this letter, a novel transmission scheme for spatial modulation (SM) is proposed to enhance the security of wiretap channel. In this scheme, partial channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate channel is exploited by the transmitter (Tx) to dynamically adapt the spatial and signal constellations mapping patterns that are unknown to Eve. Thus, Eve cannot successfully decode the confidential information over the wiretap channel. Further, an important virtue of the proposed transmission scheme, Tx does not need to know the full CSI of Eve and legitimate channels. To demonstrate the security guaranteed by the proposed scheme, bit error rate, secrecy rate, and secrecy outage probability are evaluated.
Physical layer security is a promising approach to enhancing the security of multi-user networks. However, user interference causes constellation points from different users to overlap, limiting both network reliability and security. To address this, we propose a parallel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme that ensures constellations are regularly superimposed at the legitimate receiver while appearing chaotic to the eavesdropper. Consequently, the eavesdropper experiences a consistently high bit/symbol error rate, whereas the legitimate receiver maintains a very low error rate. Furthermore, we extend the parallel PAM scheme to both the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal, forming a heterogeneous quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme. This enhances transmission efficiency while preserving security. We analyze the bit/symbol error rates at both the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, deriving a lower bound for the eavesdropper’s error rate. Finally, simulation results validate our theoretical analysis.
In multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications, Space Shift Keying (SSK), Spatial modulation (SM) and Generalized Space Shift Keying (GSSK) are three novel MIMO modulation techniques, that can greatly reduce the complexity of MIMO systems. This paper investigates the physical-layer security in typical MIMO systems of these three modulations. We present an exhaustive analysis of secrecy rate for multiple antennas destination and eavesdroppers receivers. Without eavesdroppers channel information, both achievable secrecy rate and bit error rate (BER) are studied through joint modulated signal and jamming signal transmission. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed proactive source jamming method achieves improvement of secrecy rate and improved BER performance for multi-antenna users.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security based on space shift keying (SSK) in which bit-to-spatial mapping of antenna indices dynamically adapts according to the partial channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate channel at the transmitter (Tx). Further, the Tx also adapts transmit power allocation to each transmit antenna according to partial CSI. Since an eavesdropper (Eve) is not (usually) aware of the legitimate CSI, it cannot successfully decode the antenna index; thus, transmission over the legitimate channel is secured from the wiretapping of Eve. An important virtue of the proposed scheme is that the Tx does not require full CSI of the legitimate and eavesdropper channels to secure the confidential information. The proposed work focuses on the secrecy rate (SR) and bit error rate (BER) of the considered multiple-input single-output system over Rayleigh fading channels. Approximate expressions of Bob's data rate for 2-ary and 4-ary SSK modulations are derived in closed-form. Furthermore, an upper-bound of Bob's data rate for Na-ary SSK modulation is also derived. In order to obtain the secrecy rate for the proposed scheme, we also evaluate Eve's data rate. Analytical results of SR and BER demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme. All numerical results are thoroughly verified by using extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
Improving confidentiality is a main concern in most wireless transmission systems. Traditionally, confidentiality is guaranteed by means of encryption, where transmitted data are encrypted prior to transmission and only the intended receiver(s) can decrypt them. However, encryption/decryption process involves high complexity and heavy signaling in the key distribution/agreement protocols. Thus, aiming toward overcoming complexity, physical-layer security has been proposed as a promising candidate to improve confidentiality against eavesdroppers by exploiting physical-layer techniques. In this paper, we propose a physical-layer security scheme that adapts the modulation type based on the channel phase in order to secure the transmitted data. Moreover, the phase of the transmitted signal is adjusted in order to improve the immunity against eavesdroppers. The proposed scheme has been designed to achieve high robustness against channel estimation errors. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through analysis and simulations in order to demonstrate the significant improvement in the confidentiality.
In this paper, we propose a physical layer security (PLS) scheme based on superposition modulation for water-to-air (W2A) visible light communication (VLC). We characterize the high correlation between W2A and air-to-water (A2W) link gains from ray tracing simulation and experiments. The proposed scheme selects the modulation order and superposition parameter based on the high correlation between the W2A and A2W link gains. The scheme performance is studied by exploring its immunity against different types of attacks. Based on the link gains from real measurements, it is shown that under random attack Eve's SER exceeds 0.77 when Eve's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) varies from 5 dB to 30 dB, and under correlated attack Eve's SER decreases only for a high correlation coefficient when Eve is close enough to Bob, which is unrealistic for eavesdropping. In addition, the entropy of potential set under post-processing attack is derived. For intelligent attack, two unsupervised algorithms, namely K-means clustering and expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, are adopted for modulation identification. The distributions of Eve' SER under all four attacks are investigated based on the measured link gains in the laboratory environment, which demonstrates that intelligent attack with K-means clustering possesses the highest eavesdropping capability. However, more numerical results show that for intelligent attack with K-means clustering under wavy water surface, the proportion of the case where Eve has a higher SER than Bob is lower than 0.5 only when Eve lies between Alice and Bob with small horizontal distance, which is unrealistic for eavesdropping operation.