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International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)

High speed secure optical communication based on optical code processing (Invited paper)

Zhensen Gao, Xu Wang, Yuncai Wang

Published Aug 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we review the recent advances and demonstrations of time domain pseudorandom optical phase encoding technology for high speed 40Gb/s OOK and DPSK secure optical communication systems. Bit-by-bit code shifting technique for enhancing the information security is proposed and demonstrated in different optical transmission systems with various bit rates and modulation formats. The potential application of the proposed techniques for high speed secure optical transmission systems is envisioned.

DOI
10.1109/icocn.2019.8934755

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a time-domain bit-by-bit code-shifting scheme that can rapidly program ultralong, code-length variable optical code by using only a dispersive element and a high-speed phase modulator for improving information security. The proposed scheme operates in the bit overlap regime and could eliminate the vulnerability of extracting the code by analyzing the fine structure of the time-domain spectral phase encoded signal. It is also intrinsically immune to eavesdropping via conventional power detection and differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) demodulation attacks. With this scheme, 10 Gbits/s of return-to-zero-DPSK data secured by bit-by-bit code shifting using up to 1024 chip optical code patterns have been transmitted over 49 km error free. The proposed scheme exhibits the potential for high-data-rate secure optical communication and to realize even one time pad.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a 40 Gb/s secure optical communication system with on-off-keying (OOK) modulation format by using a time domain spectral phase en/decoding scheme, which employs a highly dispersive element and high-speed phase modulator for introducing significant symbol overlapping for both the encoded and incorrectly decoded noiselike signals to enhance the information security against eavesdropping using a power detector. The influence of dispersion and chip modulation rate on the symbol overlapping of the incorrectly decoded signal has been analytically investigated and experimentally verified. Security enhancement for 40 Gb/s OOK data using fast reconfigurable 40 Gchip/s optical codes with code lengths of up to 1024 has been demonstrated and compared with a 10 Gb/s system.
A theoretical model is proposed to analyze the time-domain spectral phase en/decoding and evaluate the unconditional security of the optical code-based secure optical communication systems with DPSK modulation. The confidentiality of the systems with and without bit-by-bit code scrambling technique is investigated. It mathematically proves that the system without code scrambling lacks confidentiality and the system employing code scrambling can realize unconditionally secure transmission. Furthermore, encoding only within the central band of the spectrum is sufficient for perfect secrecy, and the secrecy rate can be potentially improved. It allows the system to operate in the burst mode for code generation and encoding and thus have an idle time for rearm.
In this letter, the information security of an optical code-based communication system employing orthogonal differential phase-shift keying (DPSK)/code-shift keying (CSK) modulation is first investigated using two eaves dropping methods, one-bit delay interference detection and differential detection. The investigation results show that the security vulnerability exists only in the CSK channel while the DPSK channel can thwart these attacks. Therefore, the concept of public-key cryptography is introduced into the system to efficiently use these two orthogonal channels for both public key distribution and encrypted data transmission. The privacy of the transmitted data can be double guaranteed by public-key cryptography scheme logically and optical code-processing techniques physically.