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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Observation of magnetization transfer in spin-exchange collisions of cesium and rubidium atoms

Sergei P. Dmitriev, N. A. Dovator, Victor A. Kartoshkin, A. I. Okunevich

Published Nov 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Spin exchange is one of the effective processes for obtaining spin-polarized atoms. Such mechanism of spin polarization is usually used to transmit and observe the longitudinal (along magnetic field) component magnetization of atoms. However, spin-exchange collisions can also lead to the transfer of the transverse component of magnetization, which occurs when the atoms involved in the collisions are exposed to an alternating resonant magnetic field. This article describes experiments to observe the transmission of transverse magnetization between alkali metal atoms 133Cs and 85Rb in spin-exchange collisions. The calculation of the spin exchange in a mixture of Cs and Rb under magnetic resonance conditions gave a qualitative agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1400/6/066019

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Physical Review•Oct 5, 1964•31 citations
Abstract Spin exchange is one of the effective processes for obtaining spin-polarized atoms. Such mechanism of spin polarization is usually used to transmit and observe the longitudinal (along magnetic field) component magnetization of atoms. However, spin-exchange collisions can also lead to the transfer of the transverse component of magnetization, which occurs when the atoms involved in the collisions are exposed to an alternating resonant magnetic field. This article describes experiments to observe the transmission of transverse magnetization between alkali metal atoms 133Cs and 85Rb in spin-exchange collisions. The calculation of the spin exchange in a mixture of Cs and Rb under magnetic resonance conditions gave a qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
Collisions of alkali-metal atoms in the ground state with the electron spin S = 1/2 are accompanied by exchange of electron coordinates between colliding particles, which leads to polarization transfer between them (i.e., to the well-known phenomenon of spin exchange). In addition, along with the polarization transfer from one partner to another, the magnetic resonance lines of colliding atoms are broadened and shifted in spin-exchange collisions. In particular the last two processes depend on the complex spin-exchange cross section. The real part of the cross section determines the so-called "spin-exchange cross section," which is responsible for the broadening of magnetic resonance lines, while the imaginary part determines the shift cross section, which governs the frequency shift of magnetic resonance. In order to describe the spin-exchange process one have to know complex spin-exchange cross sections. Complex spin-exchange cross sections are calculated on the basis of the data on the singlet (X 1 Σ + ) and triplet (a 3 Σ + ) potentials describing the interaction alkali-metal atoms in the ground state. Collisions of alkali-metal atoms Cs, Rb, K, Na in the ground state are considered in the energy interval of 10 −4 −10 −2 au.
Abstract Collisions of alkali atoms in the ground state are accompanied by the exchange of electron polarization between the colliding atoms, which lead to the polarization transfer between particles. As a result of this process, the electronic orientation is transferred from the spin oriented atoms to unpolarized atoms, along with the polarization transfer, the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of polarized atoms occur too. In this work the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of arising from spin exchange collisions in a mixture of alkali potassium and rubidium atoms at the optical orientation of atoms are calculated. The situation when optical pumping by resonant polarized radiation is carried out only for atoms of the one kind is considered. The spin exchange process between alkali atoms was described in the formalism of the complex cross section for spin exchange process. The real and imaginary parts of the complex cross section were calculated using the interaction potentials of alkali atom dimers. The calculation of the frequency shifts is carried out on the basis of data on the interaction potentials for the following pairs of alkali atoms K-K, K-Rb and Rb-Rb. Maxwell averaging of the cross sections over the velocities was done and the temperature dependences of the magnetic resonance frequency shifts for K and Rb atoms were plotted.
A spin-exchange optical pumping experiment to study collisions between cesium atoms and quasifree electrons is reported. In this experiment, electrons in a weak magnetic field were polarized through spin-exchange collisions with optically pumped cesium atoms. The cesium-electron collisions were the principal source of the electron-resonance linewidth, and they also gave rise to a shift in the center frequency of the electron resonance. The magnitudes of the linewidth and frequency shift depend upon the two-body scattering amplitude for elastic collisions, the cesium polarization, and the cesium density. From measurements of the electron linewidth and the frequency shift, a value is derived for the electron-cesium spin-flip cross section. The spin-flip cross section at 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is found to be approximately 3.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. The expressions for the linewidth and frequency shift due to spin-exchange collisions of electrons with alkali-metal atoms are generalized to cover the case where there is a spin-orbit interaction between the electron-alkali-metal-atom systems.