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Optics and Spectroscopy

Magnetic-resonance-frequency shifts in spin-exchange collisions of Rb and Cs alkali-metal atoms

Victor A. Kartoshkin

Published Sep 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

On the basis of data on spin-exchange complex cross sections in the Rb–Rb and Cs–Rb systems, the magnetic-resonance-frequency shifts of rubidium atoms upon collisions in a mixture of Cs–Rb alkalimetal atoms are calculated. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data and the previous theoretical data.
DOI
10.1134/s0030400x17090156

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Abstract Collisions of alkali atoms in the ground state are accompanied by the exchange of electron polarization between the colliding atoms, which lead to the polarization transfer between particles. As a result of this process, the electronic orientation is transferred from the spin oriented atoms to unpolarized atoms, along with the polarization transfer, the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of polarized atoms occur too. In this work the magnetic resonance frequency shifts of arising from spin exchange collisions in a mixture of alkali potassium and rubidium atoms at the optical orientation of atoms are calculated. The situation when optical pumping by resonant polarized radiation is carried out only for atoms of the one kind is considered. The spin exchange process between alkali atoms was described in the formalism of the complex cross section for spin exchange process. The real and imaginary parts of the complex cross section were calculated using the interaction potentials of alkali atom dimers. The calculation of the frequency shifts is carried out on the basis of data on the interaction potentials for the following pairs of alkali atoms K-K, K-Rb and Rb-Rb. Maxwell averaging of the cross sections over the velocities was done and the temperature dependences of the magnetic resonance frequency shifts for K and Rb atoms were plotted.
Complex spin-exchange cross sections are calculated on the basis of the data on the singlet (X 1Σ+) and triplet (a 3Σ+) potentials describing the interaction of isotopes of Rb alkali-metal atoms in the ground state. The cross sections calculated in this study are compared with the cross-section data obtained earlier with the model interaction potentials. The cross-section values allow one to calculate the processes of polarization transfer and the relaxation times, as well as the magnetic resonance frequency shifts caused by the Rb‒Rb spin-exchange collisions.
Collisions of alkali-metal atoms in the ground state with the electron spin S = 1/2 are accompanied by exchange of electron coordinates between colliding particles, which leads to polarization transfer between them (i.e., to the well-known phenomenon of spin exchange). In addition, along with the polarization transfer from one partner to another, the magnetic resonance lines of colliding atoms are broadened and shifted in spin-exchange collisions. In particular the last two processes depend on the complex spin-exchange cross section. The real part of the cross section determines the so-called "spin-exchange cross section," which is responsible for the broadening of magnetic resonance lines, while the imaginary part determines the shift cross section, which governs the frequency shift of magnetic resonance. In order to describe the spin-exchange process one have to know complex spin-exchange cross sections. Complex spin-exchange cross sections are calculated on the basis of the data on the singlet (X 1 Σ + ) and triplet (a 3 Σ + ) potentials describing the interaction alkali-metal atoms in the ground state. Collisions of alkali-metal atoms Cs, Rb, K, Na in the ground state are considered in the energy interval of 10 −4 −10 −2 au.