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Critical temperature dependence of high frequency electron dynamics in superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers

Irfan A. Siddiqi

Published Jan 1, 2002• 3 citations
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In this paper, we investigate the critical temperature dependence of the performance of niobium nitride superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The input noise temperature and intermediate frequency (IF) noise bandwidth of superconducting HEB mixers of different critical temperatures Tc(between 6 and 12 K) are simulated with a hot spot model. Simulation results show that the mixer input noise temperature is the lowest at Tcapproximately equal to 7-9.5 K and the IF noise bandwidth increases with Tc. We also measure three superconducting HEB mixers of different critical temperatures (i.e., 7.5, 8.8, and 10.3 K) at 0.85 and 1.3 THz. An agreement between measurement and prediction is observed.
A quasi-optical superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is measured in the frequency range of 0.5–2.5 THz for understanding of the frequency dependence of noise temperature of THz coherent detectors. It has been found that noise temperature increasing with frequency is mainly due to the coupling loss between the quasi-optical planar antenna and the superconducting HEB bridge when taking account of non-uniform distribution of high-frequency current. With the coupling loss corrected, the superconducting HEB mixer demonstrates a noise temperature nearly independent of frequency.
Nb hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) with critical temperature T. = 5 to 6 K have previously demonstrated good heterodyne mixing performance at THz frequencies. HEBs with a lower critical temperature are predicted to have improved performance with lower noise. We present microwave (30GHz) mixing measurements on Nb HEB mixers with T, between 1.4 and 5.3 K. The reduced T, is obtained by application of a magnetic field, or by use of a bi-layer microbridge of Nb and Au with 'F e = 1.6 K. The mixer output noise and voltage range of low mixer noise are observed to decrease approximately linearly with reduction of T. The Nb-Au mixer has a mixer noise temperature TM = 50K (DSB) with reasonable dynamic range, and thus is promising for future single pixel and array receivers for THz spectroscopy.