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Chaos, non-ergodic states and quantum scars in Bose-Josephson junction coupled to a bosonic mode

Sudip Sinha

Published Dec 13, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We consider a model describing Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) coupled to a single bosonic mode exhibiting a quantum phase transition (QPT). Onset of chaos close to QPT is observed from semiclassical dynamics of collective modes and from spectral statistics. A detailed analysis of entanglement entropy and multifractal nature of states reveals a non-ergodic to weakly ergodic crossover at a critical energy. We identify the imprint of collective $\pi$-oscillation as many body quantum scar (MBQS), which leads to the deviation from ergodicity. Persistence of phase coherence in non-equilibrium dynamics of such initial state corresponding to the $\pi$-mode is an observable signature of MBQS which can be relevant for experiments on BJJ.

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We consider a model describing Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) coupled to a single bosonic mode exhibiting a quantum phase transition (QPT). Onset of chaos close to QPT is observed from semiclassical dynamics of collective modes and from spectral statistics. A detailed analysis of entanglement entropy and multifractal nature of states reveals a non-ergodic to weakly ergodic crossover at a critical energy. We identify the imprint of collective π\piπ-oscillation as many body quantum scar (MBQS), which leads to the deviation from ergodicity. Persistence of phase coherence in non-equilibrium dynamics of such initial state corresponding to the π\piπ-mode is an observable signature of MBQS which can be relevant for experiments on BJJ.
We consider a model describing Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) coupled to a single bosonic mode exhibiting quantum phase transition (QPT). Onset of chaos above QPT is observed from semiclassical dynamics as well from spectral statistics. Based on entanglement entropy, we analyze the ergodic behavior of eigenstates with increasing energy density which also reveals the influence of dynamical steady state known as π-mode on it. We identify the imprint of unstable π-oscillation as many body quantum scar (MBQS), which leads to the deviation from ergodicity and quantify the degree of scarring. Persistence of phase coherence in nonequilibrium dynamics of such initial state corresponding to the π-mode is an observable signature of MBQS which has relevance in experiments on BJJ.
We consider a coupled top model describing two interacting large spins, which is studied semiclassically as well as quantum mechanically. This model exhibits a variety of interesting phenomena such as a quantum phase transition (QPT), a dynamical transition, and excited-state quantum phase transitions above a critical coupling strength. Both classical dynamics and entanglement entropy reveal ergodic behavior at the center of the energy density band for an intermediate range of coupling strength above QPT, where the level spacing distribution changes from Poissonian to Wigner-Dyson statistics. Interestingly, in this model we identify quantum scars as reminiscent of unstable collective dynamics even in the presence of an interaction. The statistical properties of such scarred states deviate from the ergodic limit corresponding to the random matrix theory and violate Berry's conjecture. In contrast to ergodic evolution, the oscillatory behavior in the dynamics of the unequal time commutator and survival probability is observed as the dynamical signature of a quantum scar, which can be relevant for its detection.
We consider a Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) formed by a binary mixture of ultracold atoms to investigate the manifestation of coherent collective dynamics on ergodicity and quantum scars, unfolding the connection between them. By tuning the inter- and intraspecies interaction, we demonstrate a rich variety of Josephson dynamics and transitions between them, which plays a crucial role in controlling the overall ergodic behavior. The signature of underlying classicality is revealed from the entanglement spectrum, which also elucidates the formation of quantum scars of unstable steady states and of periodic orbits leading to athermal behavior. The degree of ergodicity across the energy band and scarring phenomena can be probed from the autocorrelation function as well from the phase fluctuation of the condensates, which has relevance in cold atom experiments.
We investigate the effect of dissipation in a Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) coupled to baths of bosons at its two sites. Apart from the dynamical transition due to repulsive interactions, the BJJ undergoes a quantum phase transition by increasing the coupling strength with the bath modes. We analyze this system by mapping to an equivalent spin model coupled to the bosonic modes. The excitation energies and fluctuation of number imbalance are obtained within a Holstein-Primakoff approximation, which exhibits vanishing of the energy gap and enhanced quantum fluctuations at the critical point. We study the dynamics of BJJ using a time-dependent variational method and analyze stability of different types of steady states. As a special case we study in detail the phase space dynamics of BJJ coupled to a single mode, which reveals diffusive and incoherent behavior with increasing coupling to the bath mode. The dynamical steady states corresponding to the π oscillation and self-trapped state become unstable when their oscillation frequencies are in resonance with the bath modes. We study the Josephson dynamics in the presence of an Ohmic bath with Gaussian noise to incorporate the thermal fluctuations and obtain the Josephson oscillation frequency and damping analytically. We also observe the transition to the symmetry-broken state for strong coupling as well as decay of π oscillation and a self-trapped state to the ground state due to dissipation. Variation of the phase fluctuation with temperature of the bath shows similar behavior as observed in experiment. Finally we discuss the experimental setup to study the observable effects of dissipation in BJJ.
The modern framework for quantum thermalization is grounded in the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), in which non-integrability and chaos are historically assumed as prerequisites. This work investigates this relationship in a three-species Bose-Josephson Junction (BJJ) with mutual interactions, experimentally achievable in current ultracold-atom platforms. After a thorough characterization of quantum chaos in this system, we examine the occurrence of thermal behavior expected when ETH holds. We identify three distinct regimes: chaotic, integrable, and separable. Remarkably, quantum thermalization occurs in both the chaotic and integrable regimes, while it breaks down in and near the separable limit — supporting that non-integrability is not a necessary condition for thermalization. Furthermore, since the system exhibits collective phenomena in the semiclassical limit, we identify ergodicity breaking phenomena such as athermal states in the chaotic regime classifiable as quantum scars, which show no signs of thermalization, consistently with a weak form of ETH.
We analyze the phase diffusion, quantum fluctuations and their spectral features of a one-dimensional Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) nonlinearly coupled to a bosonic heat bath. The phase diffusion is considered by taking into account of random modulations of the BJJ modes causing a phase loss of initial coherence between the ground and excited states, whereby the frequency modulation is incorporated in the system-reservoir Hamiltonian by an interaction term linear in bath operators but nonlinear in system (BJJ) operators. We examine the dependence of the phase diffusion coefficient on the on-site interaction and temperature in the zero- and π-phase modes and demonstrate its phase transition-like behavior between the Josephson oscillation and the macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) regimes in the π-phase mode. Based on the thermal canonical Wigner distribution, which is the equilibrium solution of the associated quantum Langevin equation for phase, coherence factor is calculated to study phase diffusion for the zero- and π-phase modes. We investigate the quantum fluctuations of the relative phase and population imbalance in terms of fluctuation spectra which capture an interesting shift in Josephson frequency induced by frequency fluctuation due to nonlinear system-reservoir coupling, as well as the on-site interaction-induced splitting in the weak dissipative regime.